Title
Reducing Carbon Footprint
Author
ROSHAN TAMORE
Kohinoor Business School, Mumbai
Fy- MMS Div A Roll no 43
Literature Review
Using guarantees of origin for electricity from renewable energy sources as an instrument for reducing product carbon footprint (Andrzejewski,2025)
Barriers to downward carbon emission: Exploring sustainable consumption in the face of the glass floor.( Cherrier, Hélène;Szuba, Mathilde;Özçağlar-Toulouse, Nil ,2012)
Sustainability as Part of Strategic Management in the Manufacturing Industry(Hoke, E., Heinzová, R., Pospíšil, R., & Molková, K,2025)
Reduction of power consumption and carbon footprints by applying multi-objective optimisation via genetic algorithms(Liu, Cheng-Hsiang;Huang, Ding-Hsiang
,2014)
Collaborative management of the energy-water-carbon footprint: analysing the spatial network characteristics.
(Liu, Xiuli;Xiong, Rui;Perera, Sandun C.;Guo, Pibin,2024)
Sustainable by Design: Choice Architecture and the Carbon Footprint of Grocery Shopping(Panzone, L. A., Ulph, A., Hilton, D., Gortemaker, I., & Tajudeen, I. A. ,2021)
Focus on reducing the carbon footprint of commercial vehicle delivery(Parish, C. ,2015)
AI and Green IT Practices for Optimizing IT Supply Chains, Enhancing Sustainability, and Reducing Carbon Footprint(Tathavadekar, V. P., & Mahankale, N. R. ,2025)
Reducing carbon footprint in a resilient supply chain: examining the critical influencing factors of process integration(Wang, J., & Zhao, C. ,2023)
1Using guarantees of origin for electricity from renewable energy sources as an instrument for reducing product carbon footprint
Guarantees of Origin (GOs) for renewable electricity have the potential to minimize the product carbon footprint (PCF) of an energy-intensive industrial enterprise. In addition to the products, the enterprise generates electricity using conventional fuels. The electricity supply system of the enterprise is connected to the national grid. This allows the enterprise to consume electricity generated internally and electricity purchased from the market. The GOs can only help in the reduction of the carbon footprint of electricity that is purchased from the market, but it cannot help in the reduction of the carbon footprint of electricity that is produced in the company’s own power plants using conventional fuels. From a legal point of view, only a final customer who purchases electricity can enjoy the benefit of GOs. An enterprise that produces electricity for its own consumption cannot be considered a final customer and, hence, cannot enjoy the benefit of GOs, which states that the electricity produced is produced from renewable sources using GOs. The firm was planning to buy GOs to increase the environmental and cost benefits of their products, especially for the Western European market. When a firm retires GOs, it is assumed that the electricity that is purchased has an emission factor of zero.
Reducing carbon footprint in a resilient supply chain
The COVID-19 pandemic and global warming have made it challenging for a business to be carbon neutral and supply chain resilient at the same time. Being carbon neutral means a business is considered carbon neutral, i.e., it has a net-zero carbon footprint. It means the business has either planted more trees or reduced the level of greenhouse gas emissions. It has become challenging for a business to achieve a balance between the two, as the business needs to be cost-effective in the supply chain. Companies like Patagonia, Walmart, Hewlett Packard, and Danone have incorporated the management of the carbon footprint of the business into the supply chain management of the business. Improvement of SCR assists companies in continuing to deliver their products and services in spite of the volatility of the business environment. The use of CFR and SCR, independently, focusing on the manufacturer, and without any consideration of other stakeholders, such as suppliers, customers, or boards of directors, to combine the two in a resilient supply chain management using the contingency theory.
The Impact of Telemedicine on Reducing Carbon Footprint
The impact of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Green IT practices on the efficiency of IT supply chains. There is also an increase in the efficiency of the supply chains. There is an increase in the transparency of the supply chains upon the integration of AI and sustainable practices. However, the issue of high costs of implementation and data privacy and the need to have human resources acts as a challenge to the integration of AI and sustainable practices. It is very clear that the potential of the organizations, such as skills and management, is very valuable to the application of AI and achieving sustainability goals. This implies that the organizations have to be ready to apply AI. Application of machine learning and neural networks for the efficiency of the business, application of CSR strategies for the achievement of stakeholders’ goals, and application of AI and blockchain for the management of resources and the making of decisions for the achievement of sustainability goals. AI, digital technology, and Industry 4.0 technology such as blockchain are highly effective in making the business more sustainable.
Green and on-time scheduling in real-world textile production: a genetic algorithm approach validated by MIP and benchmarked with ACO
The reduction of carbon emissions is considered a major task in today’s world due to climate change. This is particularly important in areas that are known to produce a lot of greenhouse gases. Then, of course, there are the supply chains that are also contributing to this problem, such as the fashion world. Scientists have been trying to find ways to make this more sustainable without compromising efficiency. Changes to the processes are one way to reduce these emissions on a larger scale, such as using spin dyeing rather than wet dyeing, which allows for a savings of 60% in energy and carbon emissions, or recycling to conserve 5.8 tons of CO2 per ton of waste. Not to mention that the Netherlands aims to have completely circular textiles by 2050. A GA-based multi-objective problem has been formulated, incorporating conventional and carbon emission criteria.
Collaborative management of the energy-water-carbon footprint: Analysing the spatial network characteristics
If companies schedule their production depending on the information regarding the consumption of energy, they can save energy and become environmentally friendly. A genetic algorithm (GA), which can process more than one objective at a given time. The objectives which can be processed simultaneously include the production process and the reduction of carbon emissions. The use of information regarding the consumption of energy is very significant and can lead to an increase in accuracy. Green scheduling, which can lead to the reduction of effects on the environment, can take place simultaneously with the scheduling process. Industries can save energy and costs and make the environment clean. Even the slightest changes to the scheduling process can lead to a significant reduction in carbon emissions.
SUSTAINABILITY AS PART OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Sustainability and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) issues are becoming extremely significant for all companies around the world, including the manufacturing industry. Manufacturing is a significant factor for the economy in Europe. It is one of the key parts of the economy in the Czech Republic too. Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into finished products. It has a huge impact on the environment and society. Today, not only is the company supposed to grow economically; it is also supposed to be responsible for the environment and society. Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 are the next versions of the manufacturing industry, which focus on sustainability, safety, and robustness.
Focus on reducing the carbon footprint of commercial vehicle delivery
EGA International Car Transport & Logistic Trading is a company that specializes in reducing the carbon footprint associated with the transportation of cars. It does so by considering the bigger picture and the impact of the entire supply chain, including the time the product reaches the customer. Trains consume less fuel, resulting in a reduction of carbon footprint, and the driver can also be a passenger. The drivers are considered the most vital component for the success of VEGA. VEGA has a Driver Academy under the guidance of Thomas Schinagl. Here, the drivers are trained on how to drive safely, consume less fuel, and also transport the goods without any damage. VEGA also has the Excellence Driver Award, where the top 10 drivers are honored based on the performance of the drivers regarding fuel savings, no damage, and excellence. The awards also motivate the drivers to give their best performances throughout the year. These awards also help in the overall performance of the company. Training programs, mobile apps, and social media also help the company in attracting young drivers to the industry. The industry is facing a challenge in attracting young drivers due to the strict rules and regulations in the European Union. VEGA is a global organization with representatives and offices worldwide. These offices are in Germany, Turkey, Russia, Italy, Azerbaijan, and many more countries. VEGA transports 70,000 commercial vehicles annually via 800 trained drivers. Also, they provide warehousing, refurbishing, clearing, and rail/road logistics solutions. VEGA has associated itself with Rail Cargo Austria (RCA) and KTT (Kaessbohrer Transport Technik), which are rail transport companies. This enables VEGA to run block trains and develop hardware to come up with better solutions. VEGA is also focused on providing customized and eco-friendly solutions to each of their clients.
Sustainable by Design: Choice Architecture and the Carbon Footprint of Grocery Shopping
Climate change is a major problem, and it is essential to cut down on greenhouse gases to prevent the Earth from heating up. Companies are now cutting down on greenhouse gases in their supply chain using sustainable products, production, transportation, and storage, which is called their carbon footprint. However, consumers are engaging in behavior that results in a high level of greenhouse gases, especially while purchasing food items. Consumers are not purchasing sustainable products because climate change is a future problem, consumers cannot enjoy the good outcome of their behavior because they are doing good, and consumers cannot understand the impact of the product. Moreover, the consumer is offered a wide range of products in the store. Looking for low-carbon products is a tedious task. This makes it difficult for the consumer to purchase low-carbon products. Helping consumers to select low-carbon products without changing the price of the products.
Barriers to downward carbon emission: Exploring sustainable consumption in the face of the glass floor
Sustainable consumption is the consumption of resources to meet our needs today without compromising the lives of future generations. Alternative consumption is analyzing the impacts of buying, using, and discarding products to the environment and society. Alternative consumption is about efficiency, such as using technology to produce products in a friendly way to the environment, and encouraging consumers to buy products that are friendly to the environment. Reduced consumption is about having enough, using enough, and not wasting anything. Most of the green marketing research is based on the assumption that consumers are free and rational and can adopt these practices by analyzing their needs and concerns. These needs are not developed in the biological sense; they are developed in society. Moreover, if one is ready to perform the behavior associated with reduced consumption, society and friends will push the individual back into normal behavior. The external forces include society’s beliefs and the internal forces include beliefs held in common with other members of society. Green marketing is focused on society rather than individuals. Green marketing also includes education, politics, and campaigns for sharing, reusing, and reducing the level of consumption, along with the temptation of using material goods.
Reduction of power consumption and carbon footprints by applying multi-objective optimisation via genetic algorithms
The issues of climate change and global warming have come to the fore as major environmental issues caused by human activities, especially the consumption of fossil fuels that lead to the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) gases in the atmosphere. Fossil fuels are expected to be the major source of energy in the near future; therefore, conserving energy is one of the major solutions to reduce the release of CO2 gases in the atmosphere. Manufacturing organizations have shifted from adhering to environmental laws to taking initiatives to reduce the environmental impacts of the products they produce. Applying production scheduling to conserve energy, carbon emissions, and reduce costs while maintaining productivity. The first problem involves a batch processing machine to minimize the number of job delays and carbon emissions. NSGA-II and AMGA are multi-objective optimization algorithms that produce Pareto optimal solutions to the problem.
Conclusion
Guarantees of Origin (GOs) could be useful in reducing the carbon footprint associated with the electricity procurement process, but not that associated with electricity used in the organization that is produced from fossil fuels. Various studies have also pointed to the significance of reducing the carbon footprint associated with the supply chain resilience of the organization to become competitive. Patagonia and Walmart are examples of organizations that have used their supply chains to become competitive and reduce their carbon footprint. Supply chain relationships are useful in implementing sustainability without compromising productivity. At the operational level, research on green scheduling and multi-objective optimization has proven that energy consumption and carbon dioxide can be reduced without affecting efficiency. This can be achieved by using real energy figures and algorithms to optimize production processes. Moreover, the adoption of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, blockchain, and Industry 4.0 contributes to transparency and optimizes resource utilization and decision-making processes. However, technologies require investment in terms of financial costs and availability of human and organizational capital.
Reference
Andrzejewski, M., Dunal, P., & Grabiński, K. (2025). Using guarantees of origin for electricity from renewable energy sources as an instrument for reducing product carbon footprint: A case study. International Entrepreneurship Review, 11(4), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.15678/IER.2025.1104.08
Cherrier, H., Szuba, M., & Özçağlar-Toulouse, N. (2012). Barriers to downward carbon emission: Exploring sustainable consumption in the face of the glass floor. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(3–4), 397–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2012.658835
Hoke, E., Heinzová, R., Pospíšil, R., & Molková, K. (2025). Sustainability as Part of Strategic Management in the Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Sustainability Issues, 13(1), 426–436. https://doi.org/10.9770/p9685553439
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