INEQUALITY OF GENDER
Author: Manvi koli
gender inequality affects economic growth in Turkey. Three theories help us understand this:
Cetin (2024) Presented that Future studies on gender inequality and economic growth in Turkey can use Human Capital Theory, Gendered Institutions Theory, and Feminist Economics as a foundation.Human Capital Theory focuses on improving education and skills to boost economic growth.Gendered Institutions Theory examines how societal norms and laws create gender inequality.Feminist Economics highlights the impact of unpaid work and gender biases on the economy.To reduce gender inequality, targeted policies are needed, such as better access to education, fair wages, and equal job opportunities. Effective interventions will help create a fairer society and promote economic growth.
Inequality in unemployment by comparing male and female unemployment rates:
Marina & Mária (2018) Presented that The method measures unemployment gender inequality by calculating the gap between male and female unemployment rates. It also classifies this inequality into severity levels, helping to understand how serious the issue is based on the calculated rate.
Gender and Racial Inequalities in Traditional Wedding Practices:
Julia(2022) Presented that Traditional inequalities refer to deep-rooted disparities between men and women, as well as racial groups, that exist in society. At the same time, inequalities within traditions highlight how cultural customs, such as wedding rituals, reinforce these imbalances. Many wedding practices, like giving away the bride, reflect outdated gender roles, while the concept of whiteness suggests that Western wedding traditions are often seen as the standard, overshadowing diverse cultural practices. Overall, the phrase questions how weddings continue to reflect and maintain gender and racial inequalities.
The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education on Society and Development: Victor & Ombati(2012) Presented that Gender inequality in education limits personal growth, slows national development, and hinders societal progress, affecting both men and women negatively if not addressed. When access to education is unequal, individuals miss opportunities to reach their full potential, reducing overall productivity and innovation. Countries with gender disparities in education struggle with slower economic growth and weaker social structures. Additionally, societies that fail to ensure equal educational opportunities reinforce outdated gender roles, preventing progress toward equality. Addressing this issue is crucial for empowering individuals, strengthening economies, and creating more inclusive and advanced communities.
Persistent Occupational Differences Despite Gender Equality:
Peter (2011) Presented that Men’s jobs are often associated with higher training requirements, better promotion opportunities, and greater complexity, autonomy, and participation. In contrast, women’s jobs tend to be in safer environments, with fewer health risks and less likelihood of working irregular hours. However, despite expectations, societies that promote gender equality do not necessarily have more similar job profiles for men and women. This suggests that even in gender-egalitarian societies, occupational differences persist due to factors such as personal preferences, social norms, or industry structures, rather than just legal or systemic barriers.
The Economic Impact of Gender Inequality in the Arab Region:
Nayef & Monira (2017) Presented that Gender inequality significantly affects economic growth in the Arab region by limiting women’s participation in the workforce, reducing overall productivity, and slowing development. When women face barriers in education, employment, and leadership roles, economies miss out on valuable talent and innovation. Restrictive social norms and legal constraints further contribute to low female labor force participation, widening income gaps and weakening economic progress. Addressing gender inequality through education, employment opportunities, and policy reforms can enhance economic growth, boost competitiveness, and create more inclusive and sustainable development in the region.
The Crucial Role of Education in Bridging Gender Gaps and Empowering Women:
Juliet (2012) Presented that children spend a significant portion of their lives in classrooms, education plays a crucial role in shaping their future. This study emphasizes that schools serve as key environments where girls and women can receive equal education, helping to bridge gender gaps in society. By ensuring fair access to learning opportunities, education systems can empower girls with knowledge, skills, and confidence to pursue careers, leadership roles, and active participation in society. Ultimately, fostering gender equality in education contributes to creating a more inclusive and balanced society where women can take on their rightful place alongside men.
The Impact of Societal Changes on Gender Equality and Sustainable Development:
Dr. Sipho (2024) Presented that The ongoing transformations in society, technology, and the economy create challenges in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One key factor affected is gender equality, as these changes can deepen existing inequalities in education, employment, and access to resources. Without proper policies and initiatives, women and marginalized groups may face greater barriers, slowing progress toward a fair and inclusive world. Ensuring gender equality is essential for sustainable development, as it promotes social stability, economic growth, and overall well-being for all.
Gender Disparities in the Workforce and Labor Market Research:
Thomas & George (2017) It refers to differences in job opportunities, wages, promotions, and working conditions between men and women in the workforce. It highlights how men and women may experience unequal treatment in hiring, pay, career advancement, and job security. The phrase suggests that these issues are studied and discussed in the International Journal of Manpower, which focuses on labor market research.
The Economic Impact of Gender Inequality in Arab Countries:
Małgorzata & Łukasz(2021) Presented that It refers to how gender-based disparities in education, employment, wages, and leadership opportunities affect the economic development of Arab countries. It suggests that limiting women’s participation in the workforce and decision-making roles can slow economic progress, reduce productivity, and widen income gaps. The phrase implies a study or discussion on how overcoming gender inequality could contribute to stronger and more sustainable economic growth in the region.
CONCLUSION:
Gender inequality remains a major barrier to personal, economic, and societal progress, especially in regions like Turkey and the Arab world. Disparities in education, employment, wages, and leadership limit productivity and innovation. Theories like Human Capital Theory and Feminist Economics highlight the causes and impacts of inequality, stressing the need for targeted policies.Education is key to closing gender gaps, yet cultural norms and industry structures continue to reinforce traditional roles. The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals emphasize gender equality for global stability and growth. Without proper policies, rapid changes may deepen inequalities. To overcome these disparities, societies must implement education reforms, fair wages, equal job opportunities, and policies that remove systemic barriers, ensuring sustainable and inclusive growth.
REFERENCRS:
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