Author- Aman Mall Batch- F1 Roll no. 021330024048 Name of the COLLEGE – ITM Business School Kharghar.
- Introduction
Marlboro: One of the most recognized cigarette brands globally, Marlboro is known for its robust flavour and iconic red packaging. Launched in the 1920s, it gained popularity in the 1950s with the “Marlboro Man” advertising campaign, symbolizing rugged masculinity.
Classic: Classic cigarettes offer a straightforward smoking experience, often characterized by their smoothness and traditional flavour. They are usually marketed towards smokers who prefer a no-frills approach to their smoking habits.
Dunhill: Known for its premium quality, Dunhill cigarettes are crafted with a focus on sophistication and luxury. Originating in the UK, they offer a range of blends and flavours, appealing to those looking for a more refined smoking experience.
L&M: L&M is a value-oriented brand that provides a balance between quality and affordability. It offers a variety of flavours and styles, making it popular among budget-conscious smokers without sacrificing taste.
Objective- To find out if all are same or any one of them is different between four Cigarette brand options.
Data collection: Data is collected by using random sample method. Circulated google form to collect the responses from classmates and family members
Data analysis:
|
SUMMARY |
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|
Groups |
Count |
Sum |
Average |
Variance |
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|
Marlboro |
25 |
158 |
6.32 |
8.56 |
||
|
Classic |
25 |
130 |
5.2 |
9.583333 |
||
|
Dunhill |
25 |
149 |
5.96 |
9.123333 |
||
|
L&M |
25 |
137 |
5.48 |
7.343333 |
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|
ANOVA |
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|
Source of Variation |
SS |
df |
MS |
F |
P-value |
F crit |
|
Between Groups |
14.92 |
3 |
4.973333 |
0.574786 |
0.632961 |
2.699393 |
|
Within Groups |
830.64 |
96 |
8.6525 |
|||
|
Total |
845.56 |
99 |
|
|
|
|
Interpretation– F-value represents the ratio of variance between the group means to the variance within the groups. A larger F-value indicates a greater degree of difference between the groups. In this case, the F-value (0.5748) is quite low, suggesting that the variation between the group means is relatively small compared to the variation within the groups.
P-value measures the probability that the observed differences in group means could have occurred by random chance. A P-value below a significance level (commonly 0.05) would indicate that the differences between groups are statistically significant. Here, the P-value of 0.6329 is much greater than 0.05, meaning the probability of observing these differences by chance is very high (63.29%). Thus, we fail to reject the null hypothesis, which means that there is no statistically significant difference between the group means.
Conclusion: Based on this ANOVA test, there is no sufficient evidence to claim that the means of Marlboro, Classic, Dunhill, and L&M are significantly different.