Title: Comparison of Four Popular Chocolates: Cadbury Dairy Milk, KitKat, Ferrero Rocher, and Hershey’s Kisses
Author: Taniya Yadav
Introduction: This survey report analyses student ratings for four popular chocolate brands: Cadbury Dairy Milk, loved for its creamy texture and rich sweetness; KitKat, known for its crunchy wafer and tagline “Have a Break, Have a KitKat”; Ferrero Rocher, a premium chocolate with a hazelnut core and layered crunch; and Hershey’s Kisses, bite-sized chocolates with a smooth texture and distinctive tangy-sweet flavour.
Objective: To compare the four Popular Chocolates
Data Collection: In this report, 30 students from ITM rated four chocolates on a scale of 1 to 10 via a Google Form, with 1 representing the lowest rating and 10 the highest. A one-way ANOVA analysis was then performed using Excel to assess the differences in their ratings.
Data Analysis:
|
ANOVA: Single Factor |
ANOVA
|
Source of Variation |
SS |
df |
MS |
F |
P-value |
F crit |
|
Between Groups |
57.66666667 |
3 |
19.22222222 |
2.747610833 |
0.046070685 |
2.682809407 |
|
Within Groups |
811.5333333 |
116 |
6.995977011 |
|||
|
Total |
869.2 |
119 |
|
|
|
|
The ANOVA Single Factor Data Analysis splits the total Sum of Squares (SS) into Between Groups and Within Groups components. Between Groups SS (57.67) assesses the variability due to differences between groups, while Within Groups SS (811.53) measures the spread within each group. Degrees of Freedom (df) are 3 for Between Groups and 116 for Within Groups. Mean Square (MS) for Between Groups is 19.22 and 6.996 for Within Groups.
Null Hypothesis (H₀): There is no significant difference in the mean ratings of Cadbury Dairy Milk, KitKat, Ferrero Rocher, and Hershey’s Kisses. (The means of the groups are equal.)
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): There is a significant difference in the mean ratings of at least one pair of Cadbury Dairy Milk, KitKat, Ferrero Rocher, and Hershey’s Kisses. (At least one group mean is different.)
The F-Value of 2.748 is the ratio of these MS values. The critical value of F at a 0.05 significance level is 2.683. With a P-value of 0.046, less than the 0.05 significance level, we reject the null hypothesis (no difference between group means), indicating a significant difference between the chocolate brands’ ratings. This implies that consumer preferences vary significantly among these brands. Including a bar chart to visualize average ratings can illustrate these differences effectively.
Conclusion:
Since the P-value of 0.046, which is Less than the 0.05 significance level, we Reject the Null Hypothesis (H₀), indicating statistically significant difference in the ratings of at least one pair of chocolates.
Therefore, the Alternative hypothesis (H₁) is Accepted, indicating that consumer preferences vary among Cadbury Dairy Milk, KitKat, Ferrero Rocher, and Hershey’s Kisses.