Author :- KAJAL PAWAR
PRATIKSHA RAMTEKE
SHARDA SINGH KAUR
Introduction
These survey could be used to gather information on people’s behaviors and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Specifically, the questions ask about changes in health behavior, technology use, social connection, financial preparedness, and healthcare planning. Responses to these questions could provide insights into how people are adapting to the pandemic and what measures they are taking to protect themselves and their families.
Objective
This information could be useful for public health officials, healthcare providers, and policymakers in understanding the impact of the pandemic on people’s lives and developing effective strategies for mitigating its effects. To provide awareness related to people health. It may help improve the understanding of this disease and describe the psychological impacts of this pandemic and how these could change as the disease spreads.
Literature Review
Countries around the world have undertaken a wide range of strategies to halt the spread of COVID-19 and control the economic fallout left in its wake. Rural areas of developing countries pose particular difficulties for developing and implementing effective responses owing to underdeveloped health infrastructure, uneven state capacity for infection control, and endemic poverty. This paper makes the case for the critical role of local governance in coordinating pandemic response by examining how state authorities are attempting to bridge the gap between the need for rapid, vigorous response to the pandemic and local realities in three Indian states – Rajasthan, Odisha, and Kerala. Through a combination of interviews with mid and low-level bureaucrats and a review of policy documents, we show how the urgency of COVID-19 response has galvanized new kinds of cross-sectoral and multi-scalar interaction between administrative units involved in coordinating responses, as local governments have assumed central responsibility in the implementation of disease control and social security mechanisms. Evidence from Kerala in particular suggests that the state’s long term investment in democratic local government and arrangements for incorporating women within grassroots state functions (through its Kudumbashree program) has built a high degree of public trust and cooperation with state actors, while local authorities embrace an ethic of care in the implementation of state responses. These observations, from the early months of the pandemic in South Asia, can serve as a foundation for future studies of how existing institutional arrangements and their histories pattern the long-term success of disease control and livelihood support as the pandemic proceeds. Governance, we argue, will be as important to understanding the trajectory of COVID-19 impacts and recovery as biology, demography, and economy.
1) Rural Livelihood
Inequality and deprivation would be inseparable parts in human civilization producing vulnerability in different indigenous groups like tribes. Present pandemic has made the vulnerability of the respective marginalized people to the utmost severity. The inbuilt health devastation, low immunity due to malnutrition and starvation claimed lives and produced other health hazards to the respective communities in COVID-19 situation. Moreover, they could not maintain their livelihood activities if dependent on forestry, tourism or other group involvements due to transport restriction, social distancing criteria of present situation and lack of financial–technical–educational strength. In this very issue, a special promotional scheme, Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM) has taken special effort to club the scattered vulnerable community in self-help groups (SHGs), a special form of social enterprise offering livelihood security, protection and promotional maintenance to the associates. DAY-NRLM has accepted all indigenous people like tribes under its purview and declared promotional policies as per situational requirements in financial, marketing, skill development areas. Likewise, it has taken promotional steps to somehow curb the socio-economic effect of present pandemic (during April–November 2020) when the promotion of SHGs mainly tribal dominated ones has been declined in number and savings amount there too. Therefore, question may arise how far the mission would offer special benefit to the distressed vulnerable in view of curbing present survival threatening of COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the above-mentioned facts, the present study aims at (1) assessing inter-state variation in tribal participation in SHGs in India in pre (up to March 2020) and post (April–November 2020) pandemic era with emphasize on socio-economic-health-hygiene-related status of tribes in India and impact of COVID-19 on them.
Data analysis
Mean SE SD Tstat
Question 1 4.12 0.41 4.11 2.74
Question 2 4.14 0.41 4.16 2.79
Question 3 3.95 0.38 3.89 2.34
Question 4 3.78 0.37 3.79 2.06
Question 5 3.14 0.31 3.13 0.44
Result 3.82 0.36 0.41 2.07
Conclusion
1]People had become more health conscious.
2]People had started using digital platforms.
3]People had connected more with friends and family
4]People had started saving money for such crisis.
5]People had purchased health insurance policy.
References
1]Dutta, Anwesha & Fischer, Harry W., 2021. “The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India,” World Development, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
2]Manidipa DasGupta, 2021. “Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural
Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM) and Tribal Livelihood Promotion: An Indian
Experience in Pre-post COVID-19 Pandemic Era,” Springer Books, in: Amina Omrane & Sudin Bag (ed.), New Business Models in the Course of Global Crises in South Asia, chapter 0, pages 221-241, Springer.