Topic Name :
Outbreak of Covid -19
Name : Ashtadha S. Borkar
F.Y MBA HRM
Jankidevi Bajaj Institute of Management Studies
1. Introduction –
Collins, O. C., & Duffy, K. J. (2020) et al
In the late December 2019 , an outbreak of a mysterious pneumonia detected in Wuhan ,China and later identified as Covid- 19 a disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 (WHO, 2020b). It was associated with exposures to an animal source but it also became clear that the virus spreads between humans. Globally , Covid – 19 resulted in exponential growth in cases and death from January 2020 to march 2020 and continued to spread rapidly , therefore urgent measures were taken to save humans from this deadly outbreak.
2.Objective – To study the Outbreak of Covid -19 pandemic
3. Literature Review
3.1 Control Measures taken during pandemic –
Several measures were introduced to control the outbreak of Covid 19 such as sanitizaition ( regular hand washing ) , compulsion of masks , social gatherings were banned and social distancing was advisable by government , there was lockdown all over the world to break the spread of virus , then the jumbo covid centres were started for the infected patients and the less infected patients were quarantined for 14 days to stop the infection .
3.2 Hygiene awareness among students during pandemic-
Coronavirus is a virus that can cause several symptoms like coughing, sneezing, fever, breathing trouble, and lung infection. Hygiene is generally defined as a branch of science engaged in knowledge and practices relating to health promotion . The spread of this recent disease could be prevented by following hygiene practices. The COVID-19 virus mainly spreads by saliva droplets or nose discharge whenever an infected person coughs or sometimes sneezes (World Health Organization, 2020). Hygiene awareness is essential to restrain the spread of this infection. The virus may cause people to suffer, generally with a mild to severe acute respiratory tract disease which is similar to a common cold. Some symptoms of a person infected with COVID-19 disease include coughing, aches, fever, runny nose, and pains. For those with a weak immune system, the elderly and the very young, there is a risk that the virus might cause a lower respiratory tract illness, like pneumonia or bronchitis, and much more severe. There are several ways to prevent the spread of COVID-19 by washing the hands with an alcohol-based hand rub frequently and thoroughly or washing them with soap and water. This is because alcohol-based hand rub and soap with water can minimize the risk of contracting the virus. Public university students were chosen as the respondents of this research. A total of 200 students participated in answering the questionnaire to acquire more information about how they take care of their personal hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic. The students were chosen randomly by blasting the online survey through WhatsApp Messenger.
3.3 Food safety and Food Contamination during pandemic –
Certain guidelines were circulated which included handling and preparing food safely , which included keeping raw meat separate from other foods , refrigerating perishable foods and cooking meat to the right temperature to kill the harmful germs . Additionally, not only fresh foods, but also frozen food, dried food or canned foods have to be well managed during pandemic times .
3.4 Pollution During Covid 19 –
The global response of strict lockdown caused an unprecedented reduction in economic and transport activity . According to researchers , after accounting for meteorological variations , lockdown events have reduced the population weighted concentration of nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter levels by about 60 % and 31 % in 34 countries , with mixed effects on ozone . Reductions in transportation sector emissions are largely responsible for the NO2 . A significant reduction in atmospheric NO2 concentrations occurred in most areas of China during the Chinese New Year in 2020 due to COVID-19 lockdown.
3.5 Frontline Workers –
The Doctors , Nurses , other hospital staff and Police Staff were the frontline workers .Frontline workers were the backdone during pandemic times . They were the warriors who were fighting with this disease on the frontlines , putting their lives at risk along with staying away from their loved ones for long periods of time for keeping everyone safe and continue providing their selfless service.
3.6 Sedentary lifestyle during Covid – 19 –
Due to the COVID-19 person-to-person transmission, isolation and strict quarantine were required as extensive preventive measures to reduce its spreading. Those preventive measures involved the restriction of several activities including sport, exercise, and physical activity , with a consequent reduction in frequency and volume of all (vigorous, moderate, walking, and overall) PA intensity levels . Prolonged home confinement may also induce sedentary behaviors such as increases in sitting and screen time and unhealthy eating behaviors . The combination of the reduction of healthy behaviors and the increase of unhealthy ones may increase the risk of occurrence of chronic health conditions, representing an even higher risk for the COVID-19 infection
Regular exercise is necessary to prevent the effects of a sedentary lifestyle, such as chronic health conditions and mental distress due to home-confinement.
3.7 The sleep quality of female nurses during Covid 19 –
Poor sleep quality among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported , Various factors, including work environmental factors were associated with the sleep quality, Sleep quality is crucial for nurses to provide optimal care to patients. However, due to the outbreak of Covid 19 the nature of the work of the nurses were at a higher risk for decreased sleep quantity and quality, as well as continuous sleep deprivation , Shift work has been consistently identified as a contributor to poor sleep for nurses . Rotating shift work was reported as a primary cause of sleep disorders, while night shift nurses reported significantly higher scores of poor overall sleep quality than day shift nurses.
3.8 Covid – 19 Outbreak and Depression-
With the virus epidemic called New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), which deeply affected the whole world, there had been an increase in depression symptoms associated with this epidemic. According to the emotion-focused therapy approach, it is important to manage the effects of depression. Problems with emotion regulation can cause depressive moods and dysfunctional behaviors. Accordingly, in this study, a systematic review was conducted on emotions and depression and the emotion-focused therapy of depression in the COVID-19 outbreak. It has been reported in many countries that there was an increase in depression and anxiety symptoms associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, having anxiety because of loss of income due to COVID-19 outbreak and having COVID-19 infection , no personal interactions , no social gatherings ,separation from family and friends ,limited of freedom and fear of infection are some other risk factors for depression.
3.9 The effect of Covid- 19 on Financial Markets –
It has been founded that in the long term, the COVID-19 outbreak has a significant effect on stock markets, crude oil representing oil markets, and fear index;
It is a fact that this epidemic will cause many economic problems, including financial markets. Global and regional outbreaks in the past brought along some problems. These problems are as follows :
* Increase in the health system costs,
* The collapse of the health system as a result of excessive demand for it, and difficulty in dealing with even routine health problems,
* Employment losses,
* Retardation in the touristic activities
* Problems in transportation and education,
* Decreasing mobility in financial markets and experiencing financial losses,
* Slowdown in national and international trade
3.10 Widespread Swab Testing –
To control the outbreak of Covid 19 , and to fight against the Covid – 19 pandemic, many countries all around the globe had announced several measures. Many countries relied on a quasi-natural experimental approach which provided the graphical evidence of the effectiveness of the widespread by using of swabs testing in reducing the Covid infection rate among people .
4. Conclusion –
The spread of COVID-19 in India depends on a lot of factors such as social contact structure, low testing rates, identification of COVID-19 suspects, measures such as lockdown and quarantine were taken by the Indian government. In India, lockdown proved to be a good decision. The Covid 19 pandemic was associated with mild psychological impact among people , however it also encouraged some positive impacts with family support during lockdown times .Government must offer moral and financial support for low income families and those who lost their jobs . Also regulating working hours is needed to reduce the burden on individuals .
5. Reference –
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