Literature review:
Unravelling the role of health-promoting and health-abusive lifestyle behaviours on health-related quality of life among the urban community-dwelling youths (19–25 years) in the Balasore district of Odisha, India
Young people today are increasingly facing health challenges due to unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol use, excessive screen time, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and inadequate sleep. These behaviors negatively affect their overall quality of life. A study conducted among urban youth in Balasore, Odisha, found a strong link between such health-abusive behaviors and poor health-related quality of life, highlighting the need for timely interventions and healthier lifestyle promotion (Mallick & Sahoo, 2025).
Exploring awareness, consumption, key barriers, and enablers of plant-based meat alternatives among Indian youth
Plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) are gaining attention as sustainable and healthy food options among Indian youth. Although many young people are aware of these products and perceive them as nutritious, environmentally friendly, and beneficial for animal welfare, actual consumption remains low. Major barriers include high cost, limited availability, and lack of proper knowledge, while health concerns and environmental awareness act as key motivators. Education level also influences awareness and usage. Overall, the findings indicate that improving awareness, affordability, and accessibility is essential to promote sustainable dietary choices among youth (Kaur & Singh, 2025).
The Economics of Fast Food: Impact on Society, Employment, and Consumption Patterns: A Comprehensive Study Integrating Global and Indian Perspectives
The fast-food industry plays a significant role in the global and Indian economies by generating employment, shaping consumer behavior, and supporting economic growth. Its expansion is closely linked to urbanization, globalization, and digitalization. In India, changing lifestyles and Western influences have increased fast-food consumption, while companies adapt menus to local tastes (Goyal & Singh, 2007). Although the sector creates job opportunities, especially for youth, it also raises concerns related to public health, environmental sustainability, and changing dietary habits (World Health Organization [WHO], 2022). Overall, balancing economic benefits with health and sustainability requires informed consumer choices and effective policy measures.
Nutritional status of school-age children (5–19 years) in South Asia: A scoping review
Childhood and adolescence (5–19 years) represent critical periods of growth that require adequate nutrition for healthy development. In South Asia and other low- and middle-income regions, poor dietary patterns, early pregnancies, and increasing consumption of processed foods have contributed to multiple forms of malnutrition, including undernutrition, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies (Aguayo & Paintal, 2017; Norris et al., 2022). Despite their importance, school-age children and adolescents are often overlooked in nutrition policies and research, limiting effective interventions. This review highlights the nutritional challenges faced by this age group in South Asia and emphasizes the need for targeted strategies to improve nutrition during this crucial stage of life.
Changes in Indian Consumer Food Habits and Preferences during Covid-19: The Role of Social Media
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced food habits and purchasing decisions among Indian consumers. Studies indicate a noticeable shift toward home-cooked and traditional foods, with reduced preference for fast food during lockdown periods (Di Renzo et al., 2020). Social media emerged as a key source of nutrition guidance, COVID-19 safety information, and health advice, strongly shaping consumer choices. Increased interest in immunity boosters and balanced diets was also observed. Research suggests that while digital platforms enhanced awareness, they also raised concerns about the reliability of online health information (Cinelli et al., 2020). Overall, the findings emphasize the powerful role of social media in influencing food behavior and the need for monitoring the accuracy of health-related content shared online.
Evaluating the Antecedents of Tourists’ Behavioural Intentions Towards Food Preferences in Goa, India: The Mediating Role of Food Aesthetic Experience
Food tourism has emerged as a significant strategy for destinations to attract visitors by showcasing their unique culinary traditions and cultural identity. Travelers increasingly seek authentic food experiences, making local cuisine an important factor in destination selection (Hall & Sharples, 2003). Goa has strong potential in this area due to its rich culinary heritage shaped by Indian and Portuguese influences. However, authentic Goan cuisine is often overshadowed by global and non-local dishes in tourist zones, along with limited promotion that reduces its visibility. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study examines how attitudes, social influences, perceived behavioural control, and food aesthetic experiences influence tourists’ intentions toward traditional Goan cuisine. Understanding these factors can help strengthen local food tourism initiatives and preserve regional culinary identity.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Fast food consumption has expanded rapidly worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India, driven by urbanization, changing lifestyles, population growth, and rising demand for convenience (Popkin, 2017). The growing influence of Western culture has made fast food a regular part of daily diets, and eating out is no longer occasional but routine. In India, fast food chains adapt their menus to local tastes and cultural preferences to strengthen market presence (Goyal & Singh, 2007). Research consistently identifies young consumers as the primary target segment, with their food choices shaped by family environment, education, peer influence, and easy accessibility of outlets. Overall, global and Indian studies highlight that socio-cultural change, modernization, and convenience are key drivers behind the growth of fast food consumption.
Severe depression association with the addiction to fast food and smartphones in Jordanians: a cross-sectional study
A cross-sectional study in Jordan examined the association between severe depression, fast food addiction, and smartphone addiction using standardized tools such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (Al-Hussaini et al., 2023). Data from 426 participants showed that 62% were addicted to smartphones and 36.6% reported severe depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that severe depression was significantly associated with lower income, smartphone addiction, and increased fast food addiction (Al-Hussaini et al., 2023). These findings indicate that unhealthy eating behaviors and excessive smartphone use may negatively impact mental health, emphasizing the importance of integrated lifestyle and psychological interventions.
Realigning food, agriculture for sustainability
Food and agriculture are deeply interconnected, as farming provides the raw materials that shape diets, while evolving food systems influence how agriculture develops. The global fast-food industry clearly demonstrates this link: rising demand for quick, affordable meals has encouraged large-scale production of crops such as wheat, corn, and soy, along with poultry, reshaping supply chains and farming practices (Pingali, 2007; HLPE, 2017). Since its early beginnings with White Castle in 1916, fast food has evolved into a global industry dominated by brands such as McDonald’s, KFC, and Pizza Hut, which continue expanding into emerging markets like India and China (Schlosser, 2012). Beyond altering eating habits, fast food reflects urbanization and changing lifestyles, where busy schedules and nuclear families favor convenient dining options (Popkin, 2014). As urban populations grow—especially in developing countries—the demand for quick-service meals is expected to rise, making fast food an integral part of modern urban life (FAO, 2018).
Risk Factors and Complications of Childhood Obesity and Overweight in an Urban Setting of a Lower Middle-Income Country
Childhood obesity has emerged as a major global public health concern, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and premature mortality in adulthood (World Health Organization [WHO], 2022). While it was previously more common in high-income countries such as the United States, recent evidence shows a rapid rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including India (NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, 2017). In India, approximately 8% of children are obese and 12% are overweight, with higher prevalence in urban areas (Ranjani et al., 2016). Key risk factors include high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and processed foods, physical inactivity, excessive screen time, and inadequate sleep (Lobstein et al., 2015). Although complications such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are well documented in high-income nations, evidence from LMICs remains limited. Understanding these risk factors and outcomes in urban LMIC settings is essential to design effective prevention and intervention strategies.
Conclusion :
The reviewed studies collectively highlight how modern lifestyle changes, dietary transitions, and socio-economic factors are reshaping health outcomes among youth and children. Increasing fast food consumption, sedentary behavior, excessive screen time, and unhealthy dietary patterns are strongly associated with poor physical and mental health, including obesity, depression, and reduced quality of life. At the same time, emerging trends such as interest in plant-based alternatives and greater awareness of nutrition—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—show that positive change is possible when awareness and accessibility improve.
Urbanization, globalization, and digital influence continue to shape food choices, employment patterns, and agricultural systems, creating both economic opportunities and serious public health challenges. Children and adolescents, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India, remain highly vulnerable to malnutrition in all its forms. Therefore, promoting health-enhancing lifestyles, ensuring reliable nutrition information, improving food environments, and implementing strong policy interventions are essential to build a healthier and more sustainable future.
Reference :
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