Agricultural Management
Author: Akash Pujari
FINANCIAL AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE.
QIAN And OLSEN (2021) States proposal advocates for optimizing financial flows
within agricultural co-ops, particularly focusing on supply chain finance and capital
structure optimization. It underscores the importance of setting proper objectives,
offering appropriate incentives, and designing relevant control policies to mitigate
financial risks. Emphasis is placed on maintaining strong relationships between co-
ops and their members. The proposal acknowledges the need for future research to
consider dynamic financial parameters and farmer Behavior in share-trading.
Additionally, it suggests empirical validation using real data to enhance
understanding. By addressing these complexities, the proposal aims to contribute
significantly to the field of co-op research, particularly in understanding the nuances
of capital structure optimization and financial decision-making within agricultural co-
ops like Fonterra.
THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON FARMLAND VALUES .
WEERSINK (1999) States that his study investigates the capitalization of agricultural
support programs into farmland prices and their impact on efficiency. Using a
present value land price model, it dissects returns to land into farm production and
government subsidies, allowing for varying discount rates. Results reveal that
Ontario farmers perceive government payments as a more stable income source
compared to market-based returns over the past fifty years. Future research
avenues include examining if these findings extend to regions with different
stabilization program structures, such as Saskatchewan, where farmers might
discount government payments more heavily. Furthermore, the study suggests
exploring how changing expectations regarding government transfers during periods
of austerity affect these dynamics.
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GLOBAL ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL
POLICY.
BORRELL, B. and HUBBARD, L. (2000) States that the paragraph critically
examines the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union, noting its
adverse effects on various stakeholders globally. It highlights political dynamics
favoring small producer groups over consumer interests and international concerns.
However, it suggests a shift towards less distorting policy instruments due to factors
like budgetary pressures, external pressure from the WTO, transparency, and
environmental concerns. The hope is for continued reform to mitigate the CAP's
negative impacts
NORTH AMERICAN FARM PROGRAMS AND THE WTO .
BURFISHER, M. E. et al. (2000) states that the Uruguay Round negotiations
established the "green box" concept, exempting minimally distorting agricultural
programs like direct payments from reduction commitments. However, debates arise
over the true impact of such programs on production and trade. Using a multicounty
CGE model, the analysis examines the effects of increased transfer payments on
risk premiums and production across the United States, Mexico, and Canada.
Results show varied outcomes, influenced by factors such as income variability and
crop returns' risk characteristics. While direct payments can stabilize farm household
incomes, they may also affect savings, investment, and consumption patterns.
Understanding these complexities is crucial for crafting effective agricultural policies
that balance trade objectives with domestic support and risk management needs.
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SECTORAL IMPLICATIONS OF FARM PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS .
CHANG, C.-C. and MCCARL, B. (1992) states the study examines the impact of
farm programs on the agricultural sector, revealing that current policies subsidize
domestic and foreign interests at the expense of taxpayers. While politically favored,
eliminating these programs would lead to economic benefits, aligning with the
Kaldor-Hick compensation criterion. Lowering program provisions could enhance the
agricultural trade balance, potentially eliminating distortions with a 25% reduction.
However, selective revisions are necessary to avoid adverse effects on the entire
sector. The analysis, based on a comparative static framework, highlights the long-
term equilibrium solutions, with potential for future research on multiperiod effects.
Overall, the findings underscore the importance of carefully designed policy reforms
to ensure optimal welfare distribution and sectoral equilibrium.
MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN AN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
FARM .
MANIKANDAN, P. and SASTRY, R. K. (2009) states the Human resources are one
of the most difficult resources to manage in an organization. In order to manage
them effectively, human resource management principles and strategies need to be
understood and put into practice. A number of principles that can help in effective
management of human resources are brought out through the case study described
in this paper. The present case study should provide an excellent teaching tool for
bringing out important issues in management of human resources in management-
training programs. It is suggested that the case study may be used as an inductive
case method to bring out the learning on human resource management.
ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT TRAININGF NEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL
RESEARCH MANAGERS.
MANIKANDAN, P et al. (2008) states the analysis emphasizes the complexity of
training managers in agriculture, stressing the need for tailored programs. It
suggests enhancing their understanding of situations, action orientation, and
problem-solving skills. Conducting a training needs assessment is deemed essential
to tailor programs effectively for agricultural research managers. This assessment
fosters their openness to management training. The study's significance lies in its
potential to aid in planning, organizing, and evaluating need-based management
training programs. By addressing specific needs, these programs can better equip
managers to navigate challenges in agricultural research. Overall, the study
underscores the importance of customized training for enhancing managerial
capabilities in agriculture.
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LOCAL POLICY NETWORKS AND AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT.
LUBELL, M. and FULTON, A. (2008) states the analysis compares top-down and
bottom-up approaches to policy implementation, emphasizing the significance of
local policy networks in facilitating effective agricultural watershed management.
These networks play a vital role in disseminating information, fostering social capital,
and enabling cultural change among agricultural producers. Quantitative findings
demonstrate that exposure to policy networks increases the likelihood of adopting
environmental best management practices (BMPs). Public managers' decisions at
higher levels can directly impact the strength of these local networks, influencing
policy effectiveness. The importance of local networks extends beyond agriculture to
urban watershed management and large-scale ecosystem restoration programs.
Overall, the study underscores the critical role of local policy networks in bridging the
gap between policy goals and outcomes, particularly in collaborative environmental
policymaking contexts.
FUNDING, STRUCTURE, AND MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC AGRICULTURAL
RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES.
HUFFMAN, W. E. and JUST, R. E. et al. (1994) states during the 1990s, U.S. public
agricultural research faced economic challenges, leading to shifts in funding and
administrative structures. This resulted in tighter control over research projects and
modifications to administrative hierarchies, potentially weakening collaboration
across teaching, research, and extension activities. The trend towards competitive
grants and earmarked funding raised concerns about reduced research productivity
and shifted priorities away from local agricultural needs. While some argue for
increased efficiency, there are worries about fragmented research efforts and
decreased focus on critical areas like pretechnological sciences. Maintaining a
vertically integrated agricultural science establishment was highlighted as crucial for
long-term progress, emphasizing the importance of scientist-directed research.
Administrators face a trade-off between building local political support and optimizing
research productivity, with further research needed to fully understand the
implications of these governance changes.
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TEACHING MANAGEMENT FOR DIVERSE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES.
REAVES, D. W. and KOHL, D. M. (1996) states virginia Tech's management
education strategy is tailored to the diverse needs of the state's agricultural sector.
By employing case studies and projects, students can apply their skills effectively.
This approach, while specific to Virginia, may not be universally applicable but has
proven highly effective at Virginia Tech. Flexibility and practical application are
central to their successful teaching methodology, allowing students to address the
nuanced challenges of agribusiness.
Conclusion
Effective agriculture management is crucial for ensuring food security, environmental
sustainability, and economic prosperity. Through strategic planning, efficient
resource utilization, and adoption of modern technologies, agriculture can meet the
demands of a growing population while minimizing negative impacts on the
environment.
One of the key conclusions drawn from agriculture management practices is the
importance of sustainable farming methods. Implementing techniques such as crop
rotation, integrated pest management, and conservation tillage helps to maintain soil
health, preserve biodiversity, and reduce reliance on chemical inputs. Sustainable
agriculture not only safeguards the environment but also enhances long-term
productivity and resilience against climate change.
Furthermore, the integration of technology in agriculture management has
revolutionized the industry. Precision farming tools, including GPS-guided
machinery, drones, and sensor technology, enable farmers to optimize resource use,
minimize waste, and increase productivity. Embracing digital solutions for data
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management, market analysis, and crop monitoring empowers farmers to make
informed decisions and adapt to changing market conditions efficiently.
Collaboration and knowledge-sharing among stakeholders are also essential for
successful agriculture management. Governments, agricultural institutions,
researchers, and farmers must work together to address challenges such as water
scarcity, land degradation, and market volatility. Investing in education, research,
and infrastructure strengthens agricultural systems and promotes innovation and
resilience.
In conclusion, effective agriculture management is vital for achieving sustainable
food production, environmental stewardship, and economic development. By
embracing sustainable practices, leveraging technology, and fostering collaboration,
agriculture can meet the needs of present and future generations while safeguarding
the planet's resources.
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