IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE
Author: Muhriz Shaikh (MMS-B-111)
Institution:Kohinoor Business School
1.Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in India: Assessment for Agro-Climatic Zones
Naveen P Singh, Bhawna Anand, and Surendra Singh (2022) highlight the significant challenges climate change poses to farming in India, impacting food production, employment, and poverty levels. They emphasize the urgent need for adaptive strategies tailored to the unique challenges faced by different regions. The authors conducted a study spanning from 1966 to 2011, utilizing computer models to forecast future scenarios. Their research reveals varying issues across India, such as erratic rainfall, extreme temperatures, and adverse effects on staple crops like rice, wheat, maize, and millets. While acknowledging the study’s limitations, including data constraints, they stress the imperative of prompt action to support farmers in mitigating climate change’s adverse impacts and ensuring food security.
2.Climate Change and Indian Agriculture: A systematic review of farmer’s perception, adaption and transformation
Pritha Datta, Bhagirath, and Dil Bahadur Rahut (2022) highlight the challenges Indian farmers are encountering due to climate change, including unpredictable weather patterns and rising temperatures. Farmers are implementing various adaptive strategies, ranging from minor adjustments in planting schedules to more significant shifts like changing crop types. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of studies examining farmers’ perceptions and responses to climate change across different regions of India. They found that farmers are observing shifts in weather patterns and are experimenting with different coping mechanisms. Understanding farmers’ perspectives and actions is crucial for informing decision-making in agriculture, facilitating adaptation efforts, and promoting sustainable farming practices in India.
3.Adaptation of Agriculture to Climate Change: A Scope Review
Elena Grigorieva, Alexandra Livenets, and Elena Stelmakh (2023) stress the significant challenges climate change poses to agriculture, including rising temperatures and extreme weather events. They emphasize the necessity of producing more food to meet the growing global population’s needs, linking agriculture and climate change to seven Sustainable Development Goals. Adaptation strategies vary in scale, ranging from local community initiatives to national policies, influenced by factors such as financial resources, societal dynamics, and environmental conditions. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of 65 studies worldwide to understand adaptation efforts across diverse climates and regions. While climate change impacts vary, common adaptation strategies include altering crop choices, enacting new legislation, enhancing climate change education, and promoting research efforts. They underscore the importance of locally tailored adaptation measures, emphasizing practices like biodiversity-based and climate-smart agriculture. Additionally, they highlight the need for a balanced approach between centralized decision-making and community involvement to ensure effective adaptation without unintended negative consequences, known as maladaptation.
- Climate Change and Agriculture in India
Akhilesh Gupta and H. Pathak (2016) talk about how farming in India faces a lot of problems like not having enough land, crops not growing well, and the soil getting worse. They mention that the government is trying to help by starting programs like the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) and the National Mission on Sustainable Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC). These programs are about figuring out how crops can deal with changing weather and pests. Scientists are finding special qualities in crops like rice, wheat, and maize that make them tougher. They’re also trying new ways of farming, like planting rice directly in the ground and covering wheat fields with leftover plant parts to protect them from bad weather. Scientists are also looking into reducing pollution from farming. They’re studying how much pollution farming creates and trying to find ways to make less of it. They want to give farmers advice and tools to fight climate change, like telling them the best times to plant crops and using special stuff to help plants grow better. They say it’s important for everyone involved in farming to work together to find the best ways to deal with climate change and keep producing enough food.
- A Review on Climate Change and its Impact on Agriculture in India
Shivani Kumari, Shruti Grace George, Mayurkumar Meshram, and Beulah Esther (2020) discuss how climate change, caused by human activities like cutting down trees and burning fossil fuels, is affecting farming, animals, fish, and coral reefs. They explain that rising temperatures and unusual weather patterns are making it harder to grow crops, keep animals healthy, and catch fish. They suggest things like better farming methods, protecting genetic resources, and stopping pollution to help. They also mention the importance of preserving coral reefs and finding ways to deal with insects that harm crops. In India, the government is trying to help farmers with programs like crop insurance and better farming practices.
- The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Asia
Robert Mendelsohn (2014) examines the potential impact of future global warming on agriculture in Asia. Drawing insights from various studies, the paper highlights the sensitivity of crops to temperature changes. It identifies a gap in comprehensive research on Asian agriculture and proposes addressing this through the Ricardian method. By extrapolating from Chinese studies, the paper estimates how Asian agriculture could respond to climate change, considering two warming scenarios (1.5°C and 3°C by 2100). The analysis suggests significant reductions in crop revenue for most Asian countries, particularly India, under both scenarios. While some countries may benefit from cooler climates, overall, Asia faces substantial losses in crop revenue with further warming, underscoring the importance of adaptation strategies.
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- Impact of climate change on agriculture production and its sustainable solutions
Naveen Kumar Arora (2019) says climate change is a big problem caused by people burning fossil fuels, making the Earth hotter and causing more extreme weather like droughts and floods. This is bad for farming, making it harder to grow enough food, especially with more people in the world. The way we farm, using chemicals and cutting down forests, makes climate change worse. To help, we should farm in ways that are better for the environment and can handle extreme weather. It’s important for countries to work together to fight climate change and help farmers adapt to the changes, so we can protect our food and the planet for the future.
- Climate Change and Agriculture: A Review Article with Special Reference to India
T Jayaraman (2012) talks about how climate change affects farming in three main ways: physically impacting crops, causing economic and social effects, and its current impact on farming in India. It’s hard to predict exactly how climate change will affect farming because there are many factors involved, like changes in temperature and rainfall. In poorer countries, farming is even more at risk. In India, for example, farmers are already changing where they grow crops, like moving apple orchards to cooler areas. Overall, climate change is making it harder for farmers to grow enough food, especially in India. Rice and wheat might yield less due to warmer temperatures and less water, but increased CO2 levels could help a bit. Other crops may also produce less as temperatures rise. Overall, adapting to climate change is crucial for farmers to keep up with these challenges.
- Economic Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: A Study of India and its Neighbouring Countries Using ARDL Approach
In their study, Mashud Ahmed and Paramita Saha (2023) examined how agricultural GDP in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal is related to climate variables like temperature change and CO2 emissions from 1961 to 2018. They used a method called ARDL bounds and found that over the long term, Bangladesh’s agriculture GDP is positively influenced by temperature change, but CO2 emissions don’t significantly impact India’s agriculture GDP. However, in the short term, both temperature change and CO2 emissions have immediate effects on agriculture GDP in all three countries. The authors stress the importance of considering climate factors when studying changes in agricultural GDP.
- Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Its Mitigation Strategies: A Review
Gurdeep Singh Malhi, Manpreet Kaur, and Prashant Kaushik (2021) looked at lots of studies about how climate change affects farming from 1998 to 2020. They found 200 important papers and focused on ones from respected journals. They found that people are causing climate change by releasing gases like CO2. Farming, which also releases these gases, faces problems like weird weather and new pests. While some places might see better crops because of more CO2, overall, climate change makes farming harder, especially in warm areas. To deal with this, they say we need to find ways to reduce climate change and adapt farming to these new challenges.
Conclusion:
Climate change poses significant challenges to agriculture in regions like India and Asia. Authors stress the urgent need for adaptive strategies tailored to specific regional challenges, such as erratic rainfall and extreme temperatures. These challenges impact food production, employment, and poverty levels. Farmers are observed to be implementing various adaptive strategies, indicating a proactive approach towards adaptation. Understanding farmers’ perspectives and actions is deemed crucial for informing decision-making and promoting sustainable farming practices. Adaptation strategies vary in scale, from local community initiatives to national policies, and require a balanced approach between centralized decision-making and community involvement. Collaboration among countries is essential for addressing climate change’s impact on agriculture and ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability. Overall, adapting to climate change is crucial for farmers to keep up with the challenges and continue producing enough food.
References:
Singh, Naveen & Anand, Bhawna & J., Surendra. (2022). Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in India: Assessment for Agro-Climatic Zones. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362694169_Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Agriculture_in_India_Assessment_for_Agro-Climatic_Zones
Pritha Datta, Bhagirath Behera, Dil Bahadur Rahut, Climate change and Indian agriculture: A systematic review of farmers’ perception, adaptation, and transformation, Environmental Challenges, Volume 8,2022,100543, ISSN2667 0100. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010022001007)
Grigorieva, E.; Livenets, A.; Stelmakh, E. Adaptation of Agriculture to Climate Change: A Scoping Review. Climate 2023, 11, 202.https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=5bb8276e-b952-3c68-b2f3-c2bfa1c6abe0
Akhilesh Gupta and H. Pathak (2016) Climate Change and Agriculture in India https://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/Report_DST_CC_Agriculture.pdf
Kumari, Shivani & George, Shruti & Meshram, Mayurkumar & Esther, Beulah & Kumar, Prateek. (2020). A Review on Climate Change and its Impact on Agriculture in India. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 58-74. 10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4431152. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348542910_A_Review_on_Climate_Change_and_its_Impact_on_Agriculture_in_India
Robert Mendelsohn,
The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Asia, Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Volume 13, Issue 4,2014, Pages 660-665, ISSN 2095-3119,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60701-7.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311913607017)
Arora, N.K. Impact of climate change on agriculture production and its sustainable solutions. Environmental Sustainability 2, 95–96 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-019-00078-w
Jayaraman, Thiagarajan. (2012). Climate Change and Agriculture: A Review Article with Special Reference to India. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254415181_Climate_Change_and_Agriculture_A_Review_Article_with_Special_Reference_to_India
Ahmed, Mashud & Saha, Paramita. (2023). Economic Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: A Study of India and its Neighbouring Countries Using ARDL Approach. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology. 22. 2173-2179. 10.46488/NEPT. 2023.v22i04.043. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376216678_Economic_Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Agriculture_A_Study_of_India_and_its_Neighbouring_Countries_Using_ARDL_Approach
Malhi, G.S.; Kaur, M.; Kaushik, P. Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Its Mitigation Strategies: A Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031318