Loss of Endangered species
Author: Priyadarshani Harichandran Harijan
Article 1: Scientists’ warning to humanity on tree extinctions
Rivers, Malin; ( July 2023)
The concept of a ‘World Scientists Warning to Humanity’ dates back to 1992, when more than 1700 scientists, including most living Nobel laureates, called on humankind to halt environmental destruction and make fundamental changes to the relationship between humans and the natural world, in order to avoid ‘vast human misery’. This call was renewed 25 years later, when more than 15,000 scientists signed a second warning, which highlighted the fact that most environmental trends had significantly worsened since 1992. This highlighted intensifying climate change, deforestation and agricultural production as particularly concerning issues. This statement suggested a range of steps that humanity could take to transition to sustainability, including halting the conversion of forests, increasing the protection of habitats through establishment of protected areas, restoring plant communities (and especially forest landscapes) at large scales and developing adequate policy instruments to remedy the exploitation and trade of threatened species, among others.
This ‘second warning to humanity’ has subsequently spawned a series of further articles on a similar overall theme but focusing on specific environmental issues. Examples include scientist warnings to humanity on microorganisms and climate change insect extinctions the freshwater biodiversity crisis the degradation of large lakes the illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade endangered food webs invasive alien species and the climate emergency. The breadth of these different themes highlights the multidimensional nature of the global biodiversity crisis, but the list is hardly exhaustive. Major declines are occurring in many different species groups, including birds, mammals and amphibians, while abrupt large-scale changes are being observed in the entire biological systems, including coral reefs, arctic tundra, temperate grasslands and coastal ecosystems. These changes are being driven by a range of anthropogenic factors, including land/sea use change, direct exploitation, climate change, pollution and introduction of invasive alien species .
Each of these different warnings to humanity provides further evidence of the depth and magnitude of the ecological changes that are currently taking place. One of the common threads running through this literature is the identification of widespread lack of awareness regarding the extent of these changes, both among politicians and other decision-makers, as well as the wider public. While many of these publications suggest potential policy and management responses to biodiversity loss, for example, by addressing novel disturbance regimes progress towards implementing these proposals has been limited to date.
The decline of tree species worldwide and the potential impacts that this might have on humanity. As the defining component of forest ecosystems, trees play a major role in the dynamics of the global biosphere, providing habitat for at least half of the world’s known terrestrial plant and animal species. Forests also provide a range of ecosystem services, including storage of about 50% of the world’s terrestrial carbon stocks and provision of around three quarters of the world’s accessible freshwater. Despite these high values, global forest area has declined by around 40% in the past 300 years, and 25 countries have lost their forest cover entirely. At the same time, many remaining forest areas have been highly degraded by unsustainable land use practices such as illegal extraction of timber.
Our aim in providing this warning to humanity is to raise awareness of tree conservation as a major environmental issue that requires urgent attention.
Support the suggestions that humanity can take to transition to sustainability, including the need to shift to a green economy and to address climate change. We also identify the following seven key actions needed to avoid the catastrophic implications for humanity that could result from the loss of tree species.
1.Recognise the importance of tree species
2.Conserve and restore natural tree populations
3.Address direct threats to tree species
4.Prioritise conservation action for tree species
5.Strengthen the role of trees in environmental and climate policy
6.Strengthen the role of trees in sustainable development
7.Act now for one of these suggested actions can be achieved by individuals, conservation organizations, businesses or governments acting in isolation. In order to prevent a tree extinction crisis, we need to develop a much wider partnership, including local communities, government agencies, forestry organizations, business communities, conservation NGOs, botanic gardens, universities and all other stakeholders that depend on trees in a myriad of different ways.
We now know that at least 17,510 tree species are threatened with extinction, which represents nearly a third of the world’s tree species. Over 100 tree species are already extinct in the wild, and many more will soon become extinct unless urgent action is taken, as human impacts on the biosphere continue to intensify. We all need to take action for the world’s tree species, both collectively and individually.
Summary:
Trees are of exceptional ecological importance, playing a major functional role in the world’s ecosystems, while also supporting many other plants, animals and fungi. Many tree species are also of direct value to people, providing a wide range of socio-economic benefits. Loss of tree diversity could lead to abrupt declines in biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services and ultimately ecosystem collapse. Here we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the number of tree species that are threatened with extinction, and the threats that affect them, based on results of the Global Tree Assessment. This evidence suggests that a third of the world’s tree species are currently threatened with extinction, which represents a major ecological crisis. We then examine the potential implications of tree extinctions, in terms of the functioning of the biosphere and impacts on human well-being. Large-scale extinction of tree species will lead to major biodiversity losses in other species groups and substantially alter the cycling of carbon, water and nutrients in the world’s ecosystems. Tree extinction will also undermine the livelihoods of the billions of people who currently depend on trees and the benefits they provide. This warning to humanity aims to raise awareness of the tree extinction crisis, which is a major environmental issue that requires urgent global attention. We also identify some priority actions that need to be taken to reduce the extinction risk of tree species and to avert the ecological and socio-economic catastrophe that will result from large-scale extinction of tree species.
Article 2 : Marine Endangered and Threatened Species in Russia
Samy-Kamal, Mohamed, (August 2023)
- Over the last decades, marine biodiversity has declined considerably as the number of marine endangered and threatened species is now higher (more species are threatened) than at any other time in recent history. The degradation of the global marine ecosystems due to anthropogenic impacts such as pollution, habitat loss and degradation, overfishing, and climate change increased the risk of extinction of many marine species. Some evaluations highlighted the high level of extinction risk in certain marine taxonomic groups, including 33% of reef-building corals, at least 25% of sharks and rays, 16% of mangroves, 14% of sea grasses, and 11% of billfish and scombrids (e.g., tunas, bonitos, mackerels). For these reasons, great attention has been paid to the conservation and management of marine species to halt the recent decline in their abundance and diversity and to preserve the ecosystem. To reduce biodiversity loss, many attempts and conservation actions were made by conservation biologists such as species and habitat protection, ex-situ programs, removing invasive species, education and awareness campaigns, and designing adequate measures for the conservation of these species.
The definition of “marine” or “aquatic” animals is given by the Federal Law “On fisheries and the conservation of aquatic biological resources”. The main provisions for the protection of rare species are contained in the Federal Laws “On environmental protection” and “On the animal world”.
Summary:
Despite the global decline in marine species biodiversity, relatively few countries have enacted national endangered and threatened species legislation. Tailoring an adequate legislative framework with clear objectives and regulations consistent with the available scientific evidence is fundamental for the effective conservation of marine endangered and threatened species. This paper analyzes the legal framework and current institutional tools for the conservation of marine endangered and threatened species.
Article 3: Illegal Trade in Exotic Animals and Its Impacts in Slovenia—A Case Study
Dvojmoč, Miha; et al (2023)
Comprehensive understanding of deviant behavior in contemporary society requires an examination not only of interpersonal deviance but also of deviance that impacts the environment. This is one of the reasons that green and environmental criminology has developed so much in the previous decade. They are seen as an increasingly important component of national and international security policy. Crime has existed since time immemorial, but it is changing as a result of globalization, which has made the wildlife trade one of the most profitable illegal enterprises in the world. Although it is very difficult to measure the scale of the exotic and wildlife trade exactly, because it largely operates through informal networks, it is estimated to be worth about USD 20 billion annually.
As the illegal wildlife trade in endangered species spreads and expands, it has serious implications for environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, invasive species, and the spread of various diseases.
The demand for endangered species and other wildlife is primarily concentrated in the affluent regions of the world where buyers can pay high prices for wildlife “commodities”. This includes the European Union, North America, Japan, and China. The primary source countries are in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Not all wildlife trade is illegal and some of the goods that the wildlife trade provides are both ubiquitous and environmentally benign. This is true for a variety of wood products, for the domestic enjoyment of at least some exotic plants and animals, and for a variety of animal parts that end up in medicines and cosmetics and as parts of clothing, footwear, and handbags.
Slovenia plays a transit role in the illegal trade of animals, mainly for partial products, but it is not a major transit route for live animal smuggling. A few cases have been detected. In a period of 18 years (2000–2018), the Society for Bird Observation and Research in Slovenia (DOPPS) recorded 52 cases in Slovenia in which birds were being illegally kept and traded. In 16 cases, protected bird species were sold illegally. Additionally, in the same period, there were 50 cases of illegal transport of birds through Slovenia, involving a total of 20,400 specimens. The protected birds were caught in Southeast European countries and shipped via Slovenia to customers in Latin America.
Endangered species most often traded illegally in Slovenia, about the ratio of non-native to native (Slovenian) specimens in this trade, and about the species that respondents most frequently encounter in their work. The university respondent said that the species most in demand in Slovenia are the brown bear, the peregrine falcon, the date mussel, the lady’s slipper orchid, the snowdrop, the cyclamen, the sea turtle, and the otter. Offenders come from different groups. The brown bear, for example, is important to Slovenian hunters. Date shells and some bird species are considered to be a delicacy in neighboring Italy, and offenders are often caught at the border. Snake skins, crocodile products (for handbags and boots), ivory, tusks, and food supplements and medicines appeal to a much broader audience, even though their use to make such products is an environmental crime.
Summary:
Illegal trade in endangered animals poses a threat to wildlife, livestock, and pets. It also has consequences for environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, invasive species, the spread of various diseases, and the policing of green crime. The objective of this article is to examine the illegal trade i endangered species in Slovenia. The study was conducted prior to changes in the Schengen borders that affect Slovenia and therefore assessed the status of wildlife trade regulation at that time. The study argues that, although illegal trade in endangered wildlife species was not particularly widespread in Slovenia, it is important to recognize, investigate, address, and raise awareness of the problems it could create and of the impacts the Schengen border changes were likely to have.
Article 4: Determining Extinction for Small Cryptic Species The Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat
Hopkins, Jaran; et al. (2023)
Current extinction rates are unprecedented in human history and greatly surpass the natural average background rates. The current rate of extinctions is a major environmental issue affecting populations across the globe. Identifying extinctions of species is crucial for tracking global biodiversity loss, but also for understanding loss of ecosystem services and the direct/indirect impacts that follow. Likewise, rediscovering missing species that are extant can lead to active conservation and recovery efforts for those species. However, extinctions are difficult to determine as they are rarely observed directly and can be incorrectly inferred through misinterpretation of negative evidence. The fact that one third of mammal species previously declared extinct have been rediscovered demonstrates the difficulty of correctly determining a species as truly extinct. Incorrectly labeling a species as extinct when it is extant is costly, causing loss of conservation effort, loss of public trust or scientific credibility, and wrongful accusations towards individuals/organizations.
Studying endangered species is of the utmost importance but can be costly and require significant effort. The ability to rediscover missing mammals is influenced by search effort, area searched, and the time the species has been missing. The IUCN defines a species as extinct when “the last individual has died or where systematic and time-appropriate surveys have been unable to log even a single individual”. Yet, Fisher and Bloomberg found that in 187 species considered missing or extinct, 67 (39%) were eventually rediscovered.
Collectively, kangaroo rats are regarded as keystone species and ecosystem engineers with a strong influence on plant community structure. The Morro Bay kangaroo rat (MBKR), Dipodomys heermanni morroensis, is a small, nocturnal rodent that is suspected to be extinct.
Summary:
One third of missing mammal species thought to be extinct have been rediscovered. Determining extinction correctly, without misinterpreting negative evidence, is difficult and takes significant effort, especially for small, cryptic species. The Morro Bay kangaroo rat (MBKR), Dipodomys heermanni morroensis, is a small nocturnal rodent suspected of being extinct.
Article 5: Annual Dynamics of Bird Community at a Coastal Wetland and Their Relation to Habitat Types
He, Mengxuan, et al. (2023)
Wetlands have the most plentiful biodiversity worldwide, characterized by abundant animal and vegetation resources. Moreover, wetland biodiversity contributes not only to ecosystem stability, but also to human sustainable development. Among other things, birds are considered as the most active components of wetlands and play a critical role in wetland stability and biodiversity. Owing to the fact that bird community composition is highly sensitive to habitat changes, birds have emerged as indicator species in monitoring wetland habitat quality. Revealing the bird community traits and studying its relations to wetland habitats can provide a sound basis for biodiversity conservation.
Currently, the acceleration of urbanization and intense human activities pose a tremendous threat to wetland ecosystems, resulting in fragmented and even disappearing wetlands, further threatening the survival of birds. On the one hand, industrial land-use have occupied water bodies on which birds depend for resting and food . Wang discovered that cranes in the Shengjin Wetland had decreased considerably during the past 30 years and land use change was the main cause. On the other hand, port and power plant development has also caused the segmentation of land, thus making habitats isolated. Consequently, birds have to exhibit distinct adjustment to wetland changes, and some prefer to stay in their original areas, whereas others have to choose to change their migratory routes.
Located on the west coast of Bohai Bay in Tianjin, the Beidagang wetland is an important stop-over on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway which is one of the nine major bird migratory routes in the world attracting hundreds of thousands of birds to stop and breed every year. Nevertheless, bird community traits and its reactions to habitat change are still not well documented, particularly after wetland ecological restoration. In this regard, this paper aimed to study the dynamics of bird communities in five years and show its relations to habitat change. The result can provide support for wetland bird protection as well as habitat management in coastal wetland.
Summary:
In order to provide more scientific guidance for wetland bird protection, this study addressed the dynamics of the bird community sorted by ecotypes, classifications and threat categories from 2015 to 2019, and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, generalized additive models and the Mantel test were used to examine the relationships between bird communities and habitat types. Maintaining good connectivity between protected areas and surrounding areas is one of the best ways to effectively manage biodiversity of the target area. This research may provide a broader insight for coastal wetland bird habitat management and bird diversity preservation.
Article 6: Asian Elephant Evolutionary Relationships
Srikulnath, Kornsorn; et al. (2022)
The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758) is the largest land mammal in Asia and has high ecological importance as an umbrella, keystone, and flagship species. During the Pleistocene and early Holocene epochs, wild populations greatly declined and fragmented from dry to wet forest and grassland habitats. Recent anthropogenic factors, such as poaching, habitat loss, and human conflict, have exacerbated this decline; see also. The Asian elephant has three recognized subspecies based primarily on body size and slight differences in coloration, including Elephas maximus maximus (Asian elephant, Linnaeus, 1758) from Sri Lanka, Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier, 1798 (Indian elephant) from the Asian mainland, and Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847 (Sumatran elephant) from Sumatra Island, Indonesia.
Elephas maximus maximus has the largest body size and the darkest skin color compared with other subspecies, while the skin color of E. maximus indicus, with smaller patches of depigmentation, is darker than that of E. maximus sumatranus . Another tentative unique subspecies based on genetic distance and morphological observations is the Borneo elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis Deraniyagala, 1950), the smallest living elephant in the present day.
As a bridge between the mainland and the Southeast Asian islands, Thailand is a pivotal area that has not been extensively studied. The Thai Asian elephant population is now hidden under the tip of an iceberg, whereas several haplotypes in other Asian countries have been tentatively identified.
The number of wild Asian elephants was estimated to be more than 200,000 as recently as 1900, but current estimates place the wild population at 48,323 to 51,680. Extirpated from approximately 85% of its historical range, the Asian elephant is now classified as ‘threatened’ and exists in several fragmented and isolated populations in South and Southeast Asia. The large decline in the Asian population may be reflected by the evolutionary history of the two haplotype clades of mt D-loop sequences.
Summary:
Mitochondrial displacement loop (mt D-loop) sequence analyses have greatly improved assessments of genetic diversity, structure, and population dynamics of endangered species threatened by climate change and habitat loss. Tracking population haplotypes of these species using mitochondrial-based markers has opened new avenues for conservation genomics and biodiversity research. Recent studies have used mt D-loop sequences to assess the genetic diversity of the largest land mammal in Asia, the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), whose populations are rapidly declining.
Article 7: Evaluation of somatic indexes in the endangered And endemic killifish Tlaloc hildebrandi
Anzueto-Calvo, Manuel J; et al. (2022)
Tlaloc hildebrandi is a small (<130 mm) freshwater fish endemic to Southwest Mexico and is listed as endangered Through habitat loss and invasive species. We determine and compare the parameters of the length–weight Relationship, relative weight, and condition factor among different populations of the endemic killifish, T. hildebrandi. Fulton’s condition factor (K), relative weight (Wr), and the length–weight relationship were estimated for three killifish Populations throughout its distribution range in the highlands of Chiapas, México. The Wr was significantly lowest in Fishes where there are higher anthropogenic activities. The somatic indexes and the length–weight relationships for T. Hildebrand I are hereby published for the first time in both the scientific literature and databases, such as Fish base.
Summary:
Tlaloc hildebrandi is a small (<130 mm) freshwater fish endemic to Southwest Mexico and is listed as endangered Through habitat loss and invasive species. Fulton’s condition factor (K), relative weight (Wr), and the length–weight relationship were estimated for three killifish Populations throughout its distribution range in the highlands of Chiapas, México. The Wr was significantly lowest in Fishes where there are higher anthropogenic activities.
Article 8: Local habitat characteristics determine butterfly diversity and community structure in a threatened Kihansi gorge forest, Southern Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania
Abeid, Rija Alfan; et al. (2022)
Many species inhabiting Kihansi gorge ecosystem in Southern Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania are threatened with Extinction due to habitat loss caused by constructed hydropower plant that diverted over 90% the water off the Kihansi River. Understanding ecological correlates and structure of an animal community in perturbed ecosystems is. An important way to enhancing species conservation particularly in this system, where several species are already Threatened with extinction. This study assessed influences of local habitat characteristics on the butterfly abundance, Species richness and diversity and examined how the butterfly community structures across three structurally Heterogeneous habitats in the Kihansi gorge forest.
Butterfly abundance data were collected using baited traps and Measured environmental variables in the field, where trapping occurred. To understand the diversity and butterfly Richness, these parameters were computed under Primer software. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and Analysis of community similarity were used to analyze the butterfly community structure. Furthermore, the Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to assess how the measured variables explained observed species Diversity, abundance, and richness.
In total, 72 species of butterfly in five families were recorded. Butterfly species diversity and richness did not vary Across the habitat types or elevation gradient but showed strong correlation with some habitat characteristics. In Addition, there was evidence of butterfly communities structuring into distinct groups that showed greater separation Associated with the habitat characteristics they utilize. Furthermore, across the study area, butterfly species diversity Increased significantly in high canopy and in trees with smaller DBH and at lower ground cover. Similarly, Abundance significantly increased in the woodland and wooded grassland habitats, where there was high canopy And where tree density was high. Furthermore, butterfly species richness was strongly positively associated with High canopy cover and mostly increased in sites closer to water source.
Summary:
This study assessed influences of local habitat characteristics on the butterfly abundance, species richness and diversity and examined how the butterfly community structures across three structurally heterogeneous habitats in the Kihansi gorge forest. Butterfly abundance data were collected using baited traps and measured environmental variables in the field, where trapping occurred.
Article 9: Repeated habitat mapping data reveal gains and losses of plant species
Lüttgert, Lina; et al. (2022)
Humankind has reshaped the world’s landscapes to an extent that by 2017 more than 80% of the terrestrial area had been modified. Those habitat transformations, which include increasing urbanization and intensification in land use, come at the expense of a loss of natural habitats. The European red list of habitats now classifies 73 habitat types as vulnerable to critically endangered, which corresponds to 31% of all evaluated habitat types. For Germany, especially open habitats as species-rich dry or wet grasslands show negative trends.
While many habitat types show declines for numerous species, there are also winners from changes in the landscape, especially nutrient demanding and non-native species. In consequence, the species composition of many habitats has already undergone considerable changes, even when overall species richness at the local scale might remain unaffected. There are indications that the changes in species composition favor more widespread cosmopolitan species while rare habitat specialists become locally extinct.
However, we have a data gap on biodiversity change at the landscape scale, as we do not know to which degree secondary habitats might compensate for primary habitat loss. Close collaborations between governmental agencies and external researchers in making use of those habitat mapping data can thus enhance successful conservation effort.
Summary:
Detecting species trends across different habitat types and larger regions is required to generate a general and reliable foundation for conservation planning. While direct monitoring data covering a large spatial and temporal extent are mostly lacking, data collected for other purposes than monitoring can be considered to detect trends. Next to transitions between habitat types, we looked for differences between winner and loser species, considering also their habitat type preference, red list, and non-native status. Furthermore, we assessed the consistency between trends of habitat types and species that are characteristic of those habitat types. We found declines in habitat area of semi-natural (semi-)dry grasslands and semi-ruderal vegetation and increases in habitat area of species-poor grasslands, pioneer forests, and human settlements.
Article 10: CITES COP19: Two Indian turtles facing high risk of extinction added to list of threatened species
Down to Earth; (2022)
India, Nov. 24 – Thered-crowned roofed turtle & Leith’s soft-shell turtle are threatened due to habitat loss, illegal trade and poaching. In a step forward towards conservation, two Indian turtle species – the red-crowned roofed turtles ( Batagur kachuga ) and Leith’s soft-shell turtle ( Nilssonia leithii ) – have made it to the Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species ( CITES). The decision was made at the ongoing 19th Conference of Parties (COP19) in Panama City. The species were moved from Appendix II to Appendix I which means the species is threatened with extinction.
Appendix II lists species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction, according to CITES. But their trade must be monitored lest it eventually threatens their survival. Red-crowned roofed turtle is native to India, Nepal and Bangladesh and known to be widely found in the Ganga and Brahmaputra river basins, according to the Wildlife Institute of India (WII). At present in India, the National Chambal River Gharial Sanctuary is the only geographic area where the species is found in substantial numbers.
Leith’s soft-shell turtle inhabits rivers and reservoirs mainly in southern peninsular India, in states like Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Its presence is substantial in the Cauvery, Tungabhadra, Ghataprabha, Bhavani, Godavari and Moyar drainages. Although some of these species are found in protected areas, their habitat is under threat. Major threats for these turtles and other species are increasing loss of habitat due to pollution and unchecked urbanisation. Other reasons for habitat loss include water extraction and irrigation, leading to irregular flow of upstream dams and reservoirs.
Besides, drowning due to illegal fishing nets, poaching and illegal trade further threaten their existence. Shailendra Singh, director of Turtle Survival Alliance, India hailed the decision, saying that the freshwater species are threatened with extinction and need to be protected, especially from illegal trade. “About 50 years ago, red-crowned roofed turtles were found across the Ganga river plains, but now its presence has reduced to Chambal river. The turtle species is used mainly for pet trade,” he told Down To Earth (DTE) .
The male turtle is beautiful and is in high demand in the domestic and international markets, Singh said. About 30 male turtles were confiscated from Agra in 2017, while another seizure was made from Bengaluru in 2018-19. The male species is estimated to be sold at 2,000 euros in the international market. Leith’s soft-shell turtle is endemic to India, Singh said. “There are four species under the genus nilsonia and they are extensively sought in international illegal trade for its high demand in traditional Chinese medicine and soup delicacy,” he added.
Earlier in 2019 during the 18th CITES plenary meeting in Geneva, Indian star tortoises were added to the Appendix I. red-crowned roofed turtle leith’s soft-shell . habitat loss CITES THREATENED SPECIES Wildlife & Biodiversity India.
Summary:
In a step forward towards conservation, two Indian turtle species – the red-crowned roofed turtles ( Batagur kachuga ) and Leith’s soft-shell turtle ( Nilssonia leithii ) – have made it to the Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species ( CITES). Major threats for these turtles and other species are increasing loss of habitat due to pollution and unchecked urbanization. Other reasons for habitat loss include water extraction and irrigation, leading to irregular flow of upstream dams and reservoirs.
References:
1. Scientists’ warning to humanity on tree extinctions : Rivers, Malin; Newton, Adrian C; Oldfield, Sara. John Wiley &Sons, Inc., Vol. 5, (Jul 2023)
2. Marine Endangered and Threatened Species in Russia: A Review of Current Conservation Strategies and Management Legislative Tools : Samy-Kamal, Mohamed; Shulezhko, Tatiana; Lisitcyna, Natalia. Fishes; MDPI AG, Vol. 8, (August 2023)
3. Illegal Trade in Exotic Animals and Its Impacts in Slovenia—A Case Study: Dvojmoč, Miha; Kubale, Valentina; MDPI AG ,Vol. 13, (2023)
4. Determining Extinction for Small Cryptic Species The Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat: Hopkins, Jaran; Bean, Tim; Villablanca, Francis. Diversity; MDPI AG, Vol. 15, (2023)
5. Annual Dynamics of Bird Community at a Coastal Wetland and Their Relation to Habitat Types: He, Mengxuan; Dai, Ziling; Mo, Xunqiang; Zhang, Zhengwang; Liu, Jin; et al. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering; MDPI AG ,Vol. 11, (2023)
6. Asian Elephant Evolutionary Relationships : Srikulnath, Kornsorn; Ariyaraphong, Nattakan; Worapong Singchat; Panthum, Thitipong; Lisachov, Artem; et al. Sustainability; MDPI AG ,Vol. 15, (2023)
7. Evaluation of somatic indexes in the endangered And endemic killifish Tlaloc hildebrandi: Reference: Anzueto-Calvo, Manuel J; Velázquez-Velazquez, Ernesto; Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio; Cruz Maza, Brenda G; Domínguez-Cisneros, Sara E. , Taylor & Francis Ltd. , Vol. 8, (Dec 2022)
8. Local habitat characteristics determine butterfly diversity and community structure in a threatened Kihansi gorge forest, Southern Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania : Abeid, Rija Alfan. Ecological Processes; Heidelberg , Springer Nature B., Vol. 11, (Dec 2022)
9. Repeated habitat mapping data reveal gains and losses of plant species: Lüttgert, Lina; Heisterkamp, Samuel; Jansen, Florian; Klenke, Reinhard; Kreft, Kerstin-Angelika; et al. Ecosphere; John Wiley &Sons, Inc., Vol. 13, (Oct 2022)
10. CITES COP19: Two Indian turtles facing high risk of extinction added to list of threatened species: Down to Earth; New Delhi, HT Digital Streams Limited, (Nov 24, 2022)
Conclusion:
Saving these animals is critical to give the world a brighter future! There is so much that we can do to help such as recycle, take care of pests properly, don’t use poison on rodents, avoid toxic chemicals in your household, support an organization that fights to save endangered species, avoid soil erosion, etc.
By recycling, you are preventing pollution which as itself is dangerous to us and the environment but is also dangerous to animals and their habitats. Secondly, take care of pests the correct way. When your house is infested with bugs don’t just go crazy and spray toxins all throughout your house. You need to get rid of them properly and responsibly. In addition, do not use poisonous chemicals on rodents because other species feed off of the rodents and those species are necessary and helpful to the environment so we can’t poison rodents because of the long-term effects.
An animal is considered endangered when the species has few left and is at a high risk of extinction (when an animal species dies off). More than 10 species die every day so we have to start protecting and helping these creatures! Saving these animals is incredibly important because if we start losing a lot of them (which we are) it will begin to ruin symbiotic relationships especially the ones that benefit both species! After the animal to animal relationships are destroyed, the animal to plant relationships will be affected and plants and crop are our source of food and oxygen, so without them, people will start to die and we can NOT let it get to that point! Therefore, we must do everything in our power to save these animals! For instance, recycling is so easy but not recycling is a cause of so many animal deaths so by recycling we could save the environment.