Will Artificial Intelligence (AI) replace humans?

Will Artificial Intelligence (AI) replace humans?

Akanksha Bhat

 

Review Of Literature:

  1. Lee et.al.,(2020) state that in recent years, there has been a proliferation of patient outcome prediction research that applies machine learning and artificial intelligence to electronic health records (EHRs) and other clinical and administrative health data. While AI can only access information that can be recorded in the form of electronic data, human clinicians interact face-to-face with their patients and have access to both clinical and contextual information. Human intuition and insight may be sources of underused predictive information that AI will not be able to identify in electronic data. On the other hand, AI easily outperforms humans in processing, analyzing, and finding patterns in complex, high-dimensional data. The memory, attention, and information processing abilities of AI vastly exceed the capabilities of human cognition. This AI advantage is crucial for extracting and using data-driven insights from big data and is also a key to the recent successful breakthroughs in deep learning, in a number of problem domains, including medical imaging. 

 

  1. Stephens et.al.,(2022) studied that researchers from York University in Toronto suggested a sophisticated and comprehensive analysis of MRIs to find features and patterns that are not usually captured by the human eye to predict therapy outcomes in patients with brain metastases. Previous studies have shown that using standard practices, such as MRI, assessing the size, location and number of brain metastases as well as the primary cancer type and overall condition of the patient, oncologists are able to predict treatment failure about 65% of the time. The researchers created and tested several AI models and their best one had 83% accuracy. Not all of the tumors respond to radiation—up to 30% of these patients have continued growth of their tumor, even after treatmen This delay is time patients with brain metastases cannot afford, as it is a particularly debilitating condition with most people succumbing to the disease between three months to five years after diagnosis. Using a machine-learning technique known as deep learning, the researchers created artificial neural networks trained on a large pool of data then taught the AI to pay more attention to specific areas. The findings point to AI being a potentially significant tool in precision management of brain metastasis and even other types of cancer down the line.

 

  1. Paroiu, et.al.,(2023) studied a new method that computes how the aesthetics of a melody fragment are proposed, starting with dissonances (lack of harmony /melody). While music generated with artificial intelligence intelligence applications may be produced considerably more quickly   than human-composed music, it has the drawback of not being appreciated like a human composition, being many times perceived by humans as  In many domains dominated by humans, AI is becoming proficient due to advances in machine learning and, especially, artificial neural networks. The implications of dissonances in music aesthetics were addressed in the current study. From a corpus of human-composed melodies, a neural network was trained to learn the notes involving dissonances. For any new melody that does not belong to the corpus on which the neural network was trained, an aesthetic measure was computed using the assumption that, if humans used dissonances in their melodies, they used them only to increase the aesthetics of the music.

 

  1. Yang,et.al.,. (2023) say that the widespread application of artificialintelligence technology in various fields has made the sustainable development of artificial intelligence courses an important direction in the field of artificial intelligence education and teaching. Therefore, it is particularly important to conduct an in-depth analysis of the current research status of “artificial intelligence courses” from a global perspective. The sustainable and high-quality development of artificial intelligence courses is of great significance for the widespread application of artificial intelligence in various industries in society. However, the specific curriculum standards and plans for artificial intelligence courses in various stages are still being explored, and the specific implementation of artificial intelligence courses varies from country to region. 

 

  1. Mohammed,et.al.,(2023) suggested that selecting candidates for a specific job or nominating a person for a specific position takes time and effort due to the need to search for the individual’s profile. Ultimately, the hiring decision may not be successful. However, AI helps organizations or companies choose the right person for the right job. In addition, AI contributes to the selection of harmonious working teams capable of achieving an organization’s strategy and goals. Many modern psychologists who study personality point to the Big 5 personality traits as evidence that there are at least five fundamental aspects of human nature are Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism. This study developed a machine-learning approach to Big Five personality test dataset to give decision makers in organizations or businesses detailed information on the personalities of applicants and more insight into how they react in different situations, which can help in selecting occupations for employees and the proposed methodology had seven phases. The proposed personal-traits-testing model can be adopted. Its accuracy rate is high, and it can save time and effort compared to personal interviews and direct questions to determine the characteristics of the candidates. Organizations can apply this proposed methodology to evaluate employees’ personality traits during their work on strategic plans. The job was better done by the ML approach than human labor.

 

  1. Karthik, et.al. (2023) discussed the foundations of AI, along with an analysis of its history and current practical applications in dentistry. Due to the demand for precise diagnosis and enhanced patient care, AI technology has had an effect on the healthcare industry. By providing sophisticated decision support tools, comprehensive care, including artificial intelligence, intends to provide cutting-edge research and developments as well as high-quality patient care. Creative inter-professional collaboration between medical professionals, scientists, and engineers is the cornerstone of AI advancement in dentistry. Despite possible misunderstandings and concerns about patient privacy, artificial intelligence will continue to be involved with dentistry on a broad scale. This is due to the importance of precise treatment techniques and efficient health-related data exchange in dentistry. Artificial Intelligence will will continue to be associated with dentistry from a wide angle despite potential misconceptions and worries about patient privacy. This is because precise treatment methods and quick data sharing are both essential in dentistry. 

 

  1. Borboni,et.al., (2023) discuss about A collaborative robot, or cobot, enables users to work closely with it through direct communication without the use of traditional barricades. Cobots eliminate the gap that has historically existed between industrial robots and humans while they work within fences. They are designed to fill the gap between completely automated industrial processes and manual system functioning, providing the advantages of automation without adding to the complexities of a completely robotic testing regime. Cobots are also well suited for application in the biomedical sector, where increasing automation is frequently impractical, yet lab productivity, security, and information protection are crucial. Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics have made it possible to find creative answers to the problems encountered by companies of all sizes across industries. Robots powered by AI are being used by industries to bridge the gap between humans and technology, solve issues, and adapt business strategies to changing customer expectations. Robots with AI capabilities operate in shared environments to keep employees safe in industrial workplaces.

 

  1. Wang,et.al.,(2023) found out that human-machine interfaces (HMI) are continuing to affect human lifestyles. Artificial skin is a new type of HMI sensor that enables a seamless connection between human and electronic devices. Currently, artificial skin is mostly prepared from rigid materials, which lack flexibility and scalability, thus impeding the development of HMI.  By attaching artificial skin to a robot’s fingers and arms, the robot can acquire the ability to sense external touch force,similar to that of human skin. Through the interaction system, humans can observe and interact with their surroundings, enabling a natural and seamless connection with the environment. This enables the integration of human intelligence and abilities into intelligent machines via the interaction system.

 

  1. Lai,et.al.,(2022) researched on the relationship between intelligent technology and human resources in operating cost, and firm value of financial institutions in emerging markets by integrating the influence of intelligent technology and contribute to a growing body of literature on the determinants of firm value. Although, there has been a debate about the impact of intelligent technology on labor force. Some scholars argue that intelligent technology reduces employment and wages while other evidence shows that it is not so serious. But few studies tackle this issue using firm-level data, especially data of financial institutions. An increase in intelligent technology investment has a significantly negative impact on a firm’s employment compensation, indicating that input in intelligent technology may have an inhibitory effect on investment in human capital. Lastly, the effects of increasing investment in intelligent technology and employment compensation on enterprise value have different characteristics. The impact of the increase in intelligent technology input on firm value exhibits inefficiency at the beginning and bounces back later.

 

  1. Muhammad Hafeez,et.al.,(2022) stated that, Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary field, providing a great opportunity in shaping modern crop breeding, and is extensively used indoors for plant science. Advances in crop phenomics, enviromics, together with the other “omics” approaches are paving ways for elucidating the detailed complex biological mechanisms that motivate crop functions in response to environmental trepidations. These “omics” approaches have provided plant researchers with precise tools to evaluate the important agronomic traits for larger-sized germplasm at a reduced time interval in the early growth stages.  AI will efficiently revolutionize the “omics” approaches and breeding management with high-technology methods. AI will develop a large number of genotypes and phenotypes that must be screened using model-based envirotyping for a wide range of adaptive genotypes and phenotypes, and segregating material must be developed and advanced using speed-breeding management or fast-generation advancement to shorten the breeding cycle and improve genetic gain.

 

 

Conclusion:

  • Artificial Intelligence has been widespread in the world and is taking over the human presence in all different kinds of industries. But in certain areas such as diagnostics and medicine, artificial intelligence and machine learning has still been unable to take over the human brain and labor; the precision is still not acquired. AI is only able to do the quantitative work to certain extents, but connecting with the patients and understanding their problems is still something that AI is failing to achieve. On the other hand, certain firms are only using AI for accounting and operations. This has both, pros and cons; pros being the goal being achieved 2X faster than what is was during the human assistance. Cons being less precision and accuracy in obtaining results. Ultimately, some researchers have concluded that AI and Humans should go hand in hand and only this mechanism will lead to a global growth and better quality of life.

 

References:

  • Lee, J. (2020). Is artificial intelligence better than human clinicians in predicting patient outcomes?Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8) doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/19918

 

  • Stephens, K. (2022). AI better than human eye at predicting brain metastasis outcomes.AXIS Imaging News, Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/ai-better-than-human-eye-at-predicting-brain/docview/2755963994/se-2

 

  • Paroiu, R., & Trausan-Matu, S. (2023). Measurement of music aesthetics using deep neural networks and dissonances.Information, 14(7), 358. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/info14070358

 

  • Yang, Y., Qin, J., Lei, J., & Liu, Y. (2023). Research status and challenges on the sustainable development of artificial intelligence courses from a global perspective.Sustainability, 15(12), 9335. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129335

 

  • Mohammed, A. A., Ahmed, Z. A. T., Saleh, N. A., Theyazn, H. H. A., & Shahab, A. A. (2023). Application of artificial intelligence for better investment in human capital.Mathematics, 11(3), 612. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/math11030612

 

  • Karthik, R. M., & Mathew, F. S. (2023). Artificial intelligence and its theranostic applications in dentistry.Cureus, 15(5) doi:https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38711

 

  • Borboni, A., Karna Vishnu, V. R., Elamvazuthi, I., AL-Quraishi, M., Natarajan, E., & Syed Saad, A. A. (2023). The expanding role of artificial intelligence in collaborative robots for industrial applications: A systematic review of recent works.Machines, 11(1), 111. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11010111

 

  • Wang, Y., Zhu, P., Tan, M., Niu, M., Liang, S., & Mao, Y. (2023). Recent advances in hydrogel-based self-powered artificial skins for Human–Machine interfaces.Advanced Intelligent Systems, 5(9) doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300162

 

  • Lai, Z., & Hang (Robin) Luo. (2022). How does intelligent technology investment affect employment compensation and firm value in chinese financial institutions?International Journal of Emerging Markets, 17(4), 945-966. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-03-2021-0391

 

  • Muhammad Hafeez, U. K., Wang, S., Wang, J., Ahmar, S., Saeed, S., Khan, S. U., . . . Feng, X. (2022). Applications of artificial intelligence in climate-resilient smart-crop breeding.International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(19), 11156. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911156

 

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