Title: Comparison of four popular food items.
Author: Suman Katkuri 010011
Introduction: Pani Puri is a popular street food in India. Pasta is an Italian dish, it can be served as a main dish or as a side dish with meat, vegetables, or seafood. Pizza is a popular Italian dish, it is a favorite fast food item around the world and is enjoyed by people of all ages. Poha is a popular breakfast dish in India, made from flattened rice flakes, called “poha,” It is a light, flavorful, and filling dish that can be enjoyed on its own or served with chutney, or a cup of tea.
Objective: To compare four popular food items.
Literature Review:
1. Most students perceived whole grain pasta as healthy and filling and somewhat tasty. Availability and price were not barriers for consumption. Logistic regression results suggested that factors affecting students’ willingness to consume whole grain pasta in the future were the desire to eat, cognitive and affective attitudes, perception of whole grain pasta, as well as having already chosen pasta thanks to its availability at the dining. Two student segments were identified according to their healthy eating perception: Uninvolved and Health-conscious. Cognitive attitudes such as beneficial and essential had positive effects on consumption in both segments, suggesting that information provision covering specific health/nutritional benefits of whole grains for students is crucial. (Rungsaran et al, 2021)
2. Pizza can be argued as a traditional Italian product. In fact, despite the consumption of pizza being widespread almost all over the planet, and representing one of the “most popular family foods, with relatively high rates of pizza consumption also observed in non-Mediterranean countries. Italy is considered the birthplace of the Margherita pizza, since the modern pizza was made for the first time in Naples and as such it can reasonably be considered an Italian product. (Vita et al, 2016)
Data Collection: Students of the class were told to rate the four popular food items from a scale of 1 to 10 (10 being the highest) using google form and then one-way ANOVA was calculated using excel and data analysis.
Data Analysis:
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Column 1 40 333 8.325 5.148077
Column 2 40 273 6.825 4.712179
Column 3 40 308 7.7 4.933333
Column 4 40 243 6.075 8.891667
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 116.7188 3 38.90625 6.570543 0.000327 2.662569
Within Groups 923.725 156 5.921314
Total 1040.444 159
The ANOVA table shows the results of the analysis. The Between Groups source of variation has a sum of squares (SS) of 116.7188 and 3 degrees of freedom (df), which results in a mean square (MS) of 38.90625. The Within Groups source of variation has an SS of 923.725 and 156 df, which results in a MS of 5.921314.
The F-value for the Between Groups source is 6.570543, which has a very small P-value of 0.000327. This indicates that there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups.
H0 = All are same.
H1 = Any one of them is different.
The F crit value is 2.662569, which is the critical F-value needed to reject the null hypothesis at a significance level of alpha = 0.05 with 3 and 156 degrees of freedom.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference. = Any one of them is different.
Reference:
Di Vita, G., De Salvo, G., Bracco, S., Gulisano, G., & D’Amico, M. (2016). Future Market of Pizza: Which Attributes Do They Matter?. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 22(6), 683-701.
Rungsaran, J., Prachayawarakorn, S., & Wongs-Aree, C. (2021). Factors Affecting University Students’ Willingness to Consume Whole Grain Pasta. Foods, 10(1), 129.