Population Density
Author – Vivek Kirdat
MMS – Roll No 29
Kohinoor Business School
Literature Review
Economic Role of Population Density
The paper titled “Economic Role of Population Density” by Yuri Yegorov explores the influence of population density on economic activity. The author reviews and extends previous works in this field. The paper highlights that population density has been neglected in economic theory and not commonly considered as an economic variable in economic analysis. The author presents various models and discusses the economic implications of population density.
Effect of Population Density on the Level of Development
The paper titled “Effect of Population Density on the Level of Development” by Mohammad Abbas Hakeem explores the relationship between population density and economic development. The author discusses both the negative and positive effects of population density on various aspects of development. Negative effects mentioned in the paper include overcrowding leading to efficiency losses, strain on resources, increased environmental degradation, and decreased quality of life. The paper references the work of Malthus, who argued that population growth outpacing technological growth can result in hunger, disease, and survival challenges. The author also highlights the negative environmental impacts of population density, such as air pollution and reduced green spaces.
Bank Density, Population Density and Economic Deprivation Across the United States
The paper titled “Bank Density, Population Density, and Economic Deprivation Across the United States” by Scott W. Hegerty, Department of Economics, Northeastern Illinois University, explores the relationship between bank density, population density, and economic deprivation in the United States. The study aims to identify “banking deserts” and examine the impact of limited access to banking services on economic deprivation.
Estimating Local Daytime Population Density From Census and Payroll Data
The study by Geoff Boeing titled “Estimating Local Daytime Population Density from Census and Payroll Data” explores the estimation of daytime population density in the San Francisco Bay Area. The author highlights the importance of understanding where people commute and spend their waking hours for urban planning and infrastructure development.
The study utilizes US Census data and Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES) for California. The 2010 US Census provides demographic data at the tract level, while LODES offers information on jobs and commuting patterns. By merging these datasets, the study estimates daytime population density for each tract in the Bay Area.
Environmental Degradation, Energy Consumption, Population Analysis (1971 – 2014)
The research paper titled “Environmental Degradation, Energy consumption, Population Density and Economic Development in Lebanon: A time series Analysis (1971-2014)” by Marc Audi and Amjad Ali investigates the relationship between energy consumption, financial development, economic development, population density, secondary school education, and environmental degradation in Lebanon over the period from 1971 to 2014. The study aims to contribute to the literature on the determinants of environmental degradation and provide insights for policymakers.
Population Density and Regional Welfare Efficiency
The paper “Population density and regional welfare efficiency” by George Halkos and Nickolaos Tzeremes, published in April 2011, analyzes the efficiency of welfare policies and regional allocation of public investment in Greek prefectures. The authors use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compare and analyze the efficiency of welfare policies in the Greek prefectures for the census years 1980, 1990, and 2000.
The study aims to determine whether government investments have been efficiently used by local authorities to stimulate regional welfare among the Greek prefectures. The authors employ bootstrap techniques on unconditional and conditional full frontier applications to evaluate the welfare inefficiencies among the prefectures over the three census years.
Does Country Size Affect the Relationship between Population Density and Labour Productivity ?
The working paper titled “Does Country Size Affect the Relationship between Population Density and Labour Productivity? Theory and Evidence for Europe” by José Pedro Pontes and Patrícia Melo examines the relationship between population density and labor productivity in European countries, considering the influence of country size. The authors propose a theoretical model to explain why this relationship may differ in strength between small and large countries. They then conduct an empirical regression analysis using data on GDP per capita and population density for the EU28 countries at the NUTS2 level.
Population Density and Efficiency in Energy Consumption : An Empirical analysis of service establishments
The research paper titled “Population Density and Efficiency in Energy Consumption: An empirical analysis of service establishments” by Masayuki Morikawa, published in the RIETI Discussion Paper Series (11-E-058), examines the impact of urban density on energy intensity in the service sector. The study utilizes establishment-level microdata from the Energy Consumption Statistics and explores the relationship between population density and energy efficiency in service establishments.
The paper highlights the importance of achieving sustainable economic growth while reducing CO2 emissions. It notes that energy consumption in the commercial sector, which includes service establishments, has been increasing rapidly due to factors such as the expansion of floor space, information technology equipment, and the shift towards a service-based economy.
Population Dynamics and Environmental Quality in Africa
The provided text appears to be an excerpt from a working paper titled “Population Dynamics and Environmental Quality in Africa” authored by Stephen K. Dimnwobi, Chukwunonso Ekesiobi, Chekwube V. Madichie, and Simplice A. Asongu. The paper explores the relationship between population dynamics and environmental degradation in five populous African countries: DR Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tanzania.
The study aims to address the gap in previous research that has primarily used carbon emissions as a proxy for environmental quality. Instead, this study proposes the use of the ecological footprint, which captures the multidimensional nature of environmental degradation.
Air Pollution in Urban World : A Global View on density, cities and emissions
The article you provided is titled “Air pollution in an urban world: A global view on density, cities, and emissions” and was authored by David Castells-Quintana, Elisa Dienesch, and Melanie Krause. It was published in Ecological Economics in 2021.
The study focuses on air pollution in cities and countries worldwide, with a specific emphasis on the spatial distribution of population and its relationship with emissions. The authors built a large dataset for over 1200 cities and 190 countries, combining data on CO2 and PM2.5 emissions, satellite data on built-up areas, population, and light intensity at night.
Conclusion
The studies mentioned encompass a wide range of aspects, including the economic role of population density, its impact on development, environmental degradation, energy consumption, welfare efficiency, labour productivity, and air pollution. These papers collectively emphasize the need to understand and consider population density as an important factor in analysing and addressing various socioeconomic and environmental challenges. The findings highlight both the positive and negative effects of population density, ranging from economic opportunities and efficiency gains to strain on resources, environmental degradation, and decreased quality of life. The studies also showcase the use of different methodologies, such as theoretical models, regression analysis, data envelopment analysis, and empirical analysis, to explore the relationships between population density and the respective variables of interest.
References
Yuri Yegorov (2015) Economic Role Of Population Density https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa15/e150825aFinal00207.pdf 11 June 2015.
Hakeem, Mohammad Abbas (2017) Effect Of Population Density On The Level Development https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82301/1/MPRA_paper_82301.pdf 1 November 2017.
Scott W Hegerty (2021) Bank Density, Population Density And Economic Deprivation Across The United States http://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.07823 18 May 2021.
Geoff Boeing (2018) Estimating Local Daytime Population Density From Census And Payroll Data https://osf.io/download/5afdd54bee2b5f000f453d17/ 17 May 2018.
Audi, Marc and Ali, Amjad (2016) Environmental Degradation, Energy Consumption, Population Density And Economic Development In Lebanon : A time Series Analysis (1971-2014) https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82494/1/MPRA_paper_82494.pdf 8 November 2017.
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2011) Population Density And Regional Welfare Efficiency https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30097/1/MPRA_paper_30097.pdf 11 April 2011.
Jose Pedro Pontes and Petricia Melo (2018) Does Country Size Affect The Relationship Between Population Density and Labour Productivity? Theory and Evidence for Europe https://rem.rc.iseg.ulisboa.pt/wps/pdf/REM_WP_023_2018.pdf January 2018.
Morikawa Masayuki (2011) Population Density and Efficiency in Energy Consumption: An Empirical Analysis Of Service Establishments https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/11e058.pdf July 2011.
Stephen K Dimnwobi (2021) Population Dynamics And Environmental Quality In Africa http://publications.resanet.org/RePEc/abh/abh-wpaper/Population-Dynamics-and-Environmental-Quality-in-Africa.pdf January 2021.
David Castells-Quintana, Elisha Dienensh, Melanie Krause (2022) Air Pollution In An Urban World : A global View on density, cities and emissions https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361637/document 31 January 2022.
