{"id":25286,"date":"2026-03-28T23:07:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T17:37:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=25286"},"modified":"2026-03-28T23:07:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T17:37:14","slug":"a-statistical-analysis-of-audience-ratings-for-ghazal-artists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=25286","title":{"rendered":"A Statistical Analysis of Audience Ratings for Ghazal Artists"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A Statistical Analysis of Audience Ratings for Ghazal Artists<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Author: Ritesh Pramod Borkar\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Introduction:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ghazal music holds a significant place in Indian and Pakistani music. Legendary artists like Jagjit Singh, Chitra Singh, Ghulam Ali, Mehdi Hasan, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan have shaped this genre.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span>This study analyzes audience ratings of these artists to understand differences in\u00a0<\/span>perception<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Objective<\/span>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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To compare audience ratings of selected ghazal artists using One-Way ANOVA.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Literature Review:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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1. Application of ANOVA in Statistical Analys<\/span>i<\/span>s<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span>In this study, Andy Field (2013) explained that Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a powerful statistical technique used to compare means across multiple groups. The author emphasized that ANOVA helps in\u00a0<\/span>identifying<\/span>\u00a0whether observed differences among group means are statistically significant or due to random variation. The study also highlighted the importance of assumptions such as normality and homogeneity of variance for\u00a0<\/span>accurate<\/span>\u00a0results in behavioral and social science research.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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2. Experimental Design and Data Interpretation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span>In this study, Douglas C. Montgomery (2017) discussed the role of experimental design in analyzing data effectively. The research\u00a0<\/span>indicated<\/span>\u00a0that proper structuring of experiments, including sample size and group selection, is essential for obtaining reliable results. The study concluded that techniques like ANOVA are widely used in comparing multiple treatments or groups and are crucial for decision-making in research and industry.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Data Collection:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A data<\/span>\u00a0for Ghazal Artists was collected through a structured questionnaire from 30 respondents. The respondents were asked to rate the clothing brands on a scale of 0\u201310 based on their preference. The ratings given by respondents were compiled in Microsoft Excel. The ratings of Ghazal Artists were taken\u00a0<\/span>as<\/span>\u00a0four\u00a0<\/span>different groups<\/span>\u00a0and ANOVA: Single Factor method was applied to\u00a0<\/span>analyse<\/span>\u00a0the differences among the artist ratings.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Summary Table<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Artist<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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Count<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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Sum<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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Average<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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Variance<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Jagjit Singh<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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30<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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215<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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7.17<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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9.87<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Chitra Singh<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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30<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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198<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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6.60<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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10.25<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Ghulam Ali<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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30<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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211<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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7.03<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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9.96<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Mehdi Hasan<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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30<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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223<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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7.43<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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7.43<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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30<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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263<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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8.77<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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4.60<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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ANOVA Table<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Source<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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SS<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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df<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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MS<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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F<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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P-value<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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F crit<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Between Groups<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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80.93<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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4<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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20.23<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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2.40<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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0.0525<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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2.43<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Within Groups<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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1221.07<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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145<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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8.42<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Total<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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1302<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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149<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Data Analysis:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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ANOVA: Single Factor<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span>\u00a0Between Groups SS = 80.9333, Within Groups SS = 1221.0667<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span>F = 2.4027, P-value = 0.0525, F crit = 2.4341<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span>N = 150 observations, Number of Groups = 5<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Interpretation:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The above ANOVA result shows the comparison among the audience ratings of ghazal artists including Jagjit Singh, Chitra Singh, Ghulam Ali, Mehdi\u00a0<\/span>Hasan<\/span>\u00a0and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The calculated F value (2.4027) is less than the F critical value (2.4341). The P-value (0.0525) is greater than 0.05, which means the result is not statistically significant at the 5% level. This\u00a0<\/span>indicates<\/span>\u00a0that there is no significant difference among the average ratings of the selected ghazal artists given by the respondents.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Therefore, the audience preferences towards these ghazal artists are almost similar, although the result is\u00a0<\/span>very close<\/span>\u00a0to being statistically significant.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Conclusion:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Since F (2.40) < F crit (2.43) and p-value > 0.05, we\u00a0<\/span>fail to<\/span>\u00a0reject the null hypothesis (H\u2080).<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span>This\u00a0<\/span>indicates<\/span>\u00a0that there is no statistically significant difference in audience ratings among the selected ghazal artists, although the results are\u00a0<\/span>very close<\/span>\u00a0to significance.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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References:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage Publications.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments. Wiley.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Primary data collected through Google Forms survey<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Statistical Analysis of Audience Ratings for Ghazal Artists\u00a0 Author: Ritesh Pramod Borkar\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction:\u00a0 Ghazal music holds a significant place in Indian and Pakistani music. Legendary artists like Jagjit Singh, Chitra Singh, Ghulam Ali, Mehdi Hasan, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan have shaped this genre.\u00a0\u00a0This study analyzes audience ratings of these artists to understand differences… Continue reading A Statistical Analysis of Audience Ratings for Ghazal Artists<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":140198,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/140198"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25286"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25287,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25286\/revisions\/25287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}