{"id":24024,"date":"2026-01-18T20:20:45","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T14:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=24024"},"modified":"2026-01-18T20:20:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T14:50:45","slug":"a-study-on-brand-loyalty-among-college-students","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=24024","title":{"rendered":"A Study on Brand Loyalty among College Students"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Title:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">A Study on Brand Loyalty among College Students (With Special Reference to Nike and Adidas)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Authors:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Vivek Rathod<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Adity Dubey<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Prasad Satvi<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">1) Introduction:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Brand loyalty is an important aspect of consumer behavior in marketing. It reflects a consumer\u2019s preference, trust, and emotional attachment toward a particular brand. Among college students, sportswear brands such as Nike and Adidas play a significant role in lifestyle, identity, and social perception. Understanding brand loyalty among students helps marketers design better strategies to retain customers and strengthen brand image. This study focuses on analyzing students\u2019 loyalty toward their preferred sportswear brands through statistical analysis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">2) Objectives:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">To understand the underlying phenomena of brand loyalty among college students toward sportswear brands such as Nike and Adidas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">3) Literature Review:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Literature Review 1<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><br \/>Aaker (1991) stated that brand loyalty is a key component of brand equity and leads to repeated purchases, reduced marketing costs, and stronger competitive advantage for firms. He emphasized that loyal customers are less likely to switch brands even when competitors offer discounts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Literature Review 2<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><br \/>Oliver (1999) defined brand loyalty as a deeply held commitment to repurchase a preferred product consistently in the future, despite situational influences or marketing efforts of competitors. His research highlights the emotional and behavioral aspects of consumer loyalty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">4) Data Collection:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">To understand the underlying phenomena of the above problem, 5 statements were framed on a Likert Scale:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 0cm\" start=\"1\" type=\"1\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">I prefer my favourite brand over other sportswear brands.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">I feel emotionally connected to my preferred brand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">I usually look for my preferred brand first when shopping for sportswear.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">I am willing to pay a higher price for my preferred brand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">I would continue buying my preferred brand even if other brands offer discounts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Students of ITM College were surveyed using a Google Form framed on a Linear (Likert) Scale. A total of 100 students were surveyed. For each question, Mean, Standard Deviation, Standard Error, and t-Statistic were calculated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">5) Data Analysis:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<table class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: none\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Q1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Q2<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Q3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Q4<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Q5<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Mean<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">3.32<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">3.69<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">3.52<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">3.43<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">3.50<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">S.D.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">1.17<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">1.04<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">1.11<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">1.10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">1.03<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">S.E.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">0.12<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">0.10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">0.11<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">0.11<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">0.10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">t-stat<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">2.75<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">6.66<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">4.69<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">3.92<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">4.88<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Result<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Agree<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Agree<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Agree<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Agree<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt;line-height: 115%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Agree<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">6) Conclusion:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 0cm\" start=\"1\" type=\"1\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Students generally prefer their chosen sportswear brand over other brands.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Students feel emotionally connected to their preferred brand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Students tend to look for their preferred brand first while shopping.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Students are willing to pay a higher price for their favourite brand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Students are likely to remain loyal to their brand even when other brands offer discounts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">7) References:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 0cm\" start=\"1\" type=\"1\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Aaker, D. A. (1991). <i>Managing Brand Equity<\/i>. Free Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Oliver, R. L. (1999). <i>Whence Consumer Loyalty?<\/i> Journal of Marketing, 63, 33\u201344.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Title: A Study on Brand Loyalty among College Students (With Special Reference to Nike and Adidas) Authors: Vivek Rathod Adity Dubey Prasad Satvi \u00a0 1) Introduction: Brand loyalty is an important aspect of consumer behavior in marketing. It reflects a consumer\u2019s preference, trust, and emotional attachment toward a particular brand. Among college students, sportswear&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=24024\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">A Study on Brand Loyalty among College Students<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":140055,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/140055"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24024"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24024\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24025,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24024\/revisions\/24025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}