{"id":23670,"date":"2026-01-06T22:23:53","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T16:53:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=23670"},"modified":"2026-01-06T22:23:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T16:53:53","slug":"an-anova-based-comparison-of-listeners-ratings-for-music-genres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=23670","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;An ANOVA based comparison of Listeners ratings for music genres&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;color: #202124;background: white\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u201cAn ANOVA based comparison of Listeners ratings for music genres<\/span>\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"margin-left: 213.0pt;text-indent: -18.0pt\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><span>&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman'\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Arya Patil (21331025076)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"margin-left: 213.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Music preferences vary significantly among individuals and are influenced by factors such as mood, culture, age, and personal taste. Different music genres evoke different emotional and psychological responses, leading listeners to rate them differently. This study aims to compare listeners\u2019 ratings across various music genres using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). By examining whether mean ratings differ significantly among genres, the study provides insights into listener preferences and patterns of music appreciation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Objectives of the Study<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top: 0cm\" type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">To analyse listeners\u2019 ratings for different music genres using a numerical rating scale.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">To compare the mean ratings of various music genres using ANOVA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">To identify whether significant differences exist in listener preferences among music genres.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">To understand patterns and trends in audience appreciation across genres.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">To provide insights useful for music producers, streaming platforms, and marketers.<\/span><!-- [if gte vml 1]&gt;-->\n<p>     <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Literature Review<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">According to North and Hargreaves (2007), music preference is a complex phenomenon influenced by social identity, emotional needs, and situational factors. Their research suggests that listeners tend to rate genres higher when they align with their personal values and emotional states. This indicates that genre-based differences in listener ratings are both measurable and meaningful.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Rentfrow and Gosling (2003) examined the relationship between music preferences and individual characteristics, finding significant variation in how different genres are perceived and rated. Their study supports the use of statistical techniques such as ANOVA to compare genre-wise listener ratings, as preferences differ substantially across musical styles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><!-- [if gte vml 1]&gt;--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Data Collection<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Primary data was collected from respondents to analyze listeners\u2019 ratings for different music genres. The respondents were asked to rate each music genre based on their personal liking and listening experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Data Analysis<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<table class=\"MsoNormalTable\" style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"3\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Source of Variation<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Sum of Squares (SS)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Degrees of Freedom (df)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Mean Square (MS)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">F-value<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">p-value<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Between Groups<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">4.20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">1.05<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">0.16<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">0.958<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Within Groups<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">1281.80<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">245<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">5.23<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Total<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">1286.00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">249<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Interpretation <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">The calculated <b>F-value (0.16)<\/b> with a <b>p-value of 0.958<\/b> is greater than the conventional significance level of 0.05. Hence, there is <b>no statistically significant difference<\/b> in the mean ratings given by listeners across different music genres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">This indicates that listeners rated the genres fairly similarly, and variations in ratings are likely due to random factors rather than genre-based preference differences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Hypothesis Testing<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Null Hypothesis (H\u2080):<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><br \/>There is no significant difference in the mean ratings given by listeners for different music genres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Alternative Hypothesis (H\u2081):<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><br \/>There is a significant difference in the mean ratings given by listeners for different music genres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Decision Rule:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><br \/>The null hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is less than 0.05.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Result:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><br \/>Since the p-value obtained from the ANOVA test (<b>p = 0.958<\/b>) is greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis is <b>accepted<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Inference:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\"><br \/>There is no statistically significant difference in listeners\u2019 ratings across the selected music genres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Conclusion<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">The ANOVA-based analysis of listeners\u2019 ratings for various music genres reveals that there is no significant difference in the average ratings assigned to each genre. Although individual preferences may vary, the overall listener ratings across genres such as Pop, Rock, Classical, Jazz, and Hip-Hop appear to be similar. The findings suggest that listeners show a balanced appreciation toward different music styles rather than a strong preference for any single genre. This study highlights the subjective nature of music perception and indicates that multiple genres are equally valued by listeners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">References<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">North, A. C., &amp; Hargreaves, D. J. (2007). Lifestyle correlates of musical preference: Relationships, living arrangements, beliefs, and crime. <i>Psychology of Music<\/i>, 35(1), 58\u201387.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">Rentfrow, P. J., &amp; Gosling, S. D. (2003). The do re mi\u2019s of everyday life: The structure and personality correlates of music preferences. <i>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/i>, 84(6), 1236\u20131256.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u201cAn ANOVA based comparison of Listeners ratings for music genres\u201d &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arya Patil (21331025076) \u00a0 Introduction Music preferences vary significantly among individuals and are influenced by factors such as mood, culture, age, and personal taste. Different music genres evoke different emotional and psychological responses, leading listeners to rate them differently. This study aims to compare&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=23670\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;An ANOVA based comparison of Listeners ratings for music genres&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139928,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/139928"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23670"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23671,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23670\/revisions\/23671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}