{"id":23656,"date":"2026-01-05T23:40:55","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T18:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=23656"},"modified":"2026-01-05T23:40:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T18:10:55","slug":"a-survey-on-consumer-preference-for-different-types-of-toothpaste-using-anova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=23656","title":{"rendered":"A Survey on Consumer Preference for Different Types of Toothpaste Using ANOVA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center\" align=\"center\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 20.0pt;line-height: 107%\">A Survey on Consumer Preference for Different Types of Toothpaste<\/span><\/u><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center\" align=\"center\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 18.0pt;line-height: 107%\">AUTHOR<\/span><\/u><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center\" align=\"center\">NILAKSHI ZADE- 021331025629<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center\" align=\"center\">Batch- Operations<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><br \/><!-- [if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Introduction:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Toothpaste is a basic yet essential oral care product used daily by individuals of all age groups. With the increasing variety of toothpaste available in the market, consumers are presented with multiple options that claim benefits such as whitening, sensitivity relief, natural ingredients, and fluoride protection. Understanding consumer preference is important for manufacturers, dental professionals, and public health awareness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Statistical tools such as ANOVA are widely used in market research to compare consumer opinions across multiple product categories. This study applies ANOVA to survey data in order to assess whether consumer ratings significantly differ among four commonly used toothpaste types.<br \/><!-- [if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Objective<br \/><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">The objectives of this research are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top: 0cm\" type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">To analyse <span>\u00a0<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span>consumer ratings for herbal, whitening, sensitive teeth, and fluoride protection toothpaste.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">To compare the mean ratings of these toothpaste types.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">To determine whether any observed differences are statistically significant using single-factor ANOVA.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Literature Review 1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Consumer Behaviour in Oral Care Products<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Previous research suggests that consumer choice of toothpaste is influenced by perceived effectiveness, brand trust, taste, and specific dental needs. Herbal toothpaste has become popular due to increased awareness of natural and chemical-free products, while fluoride toothpaste is recommended by dental associations for cavity prevention<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Literature Review 2:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Effectiveness and Consumer Satisfaction<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Studies indicate that whitening toothpaste is often chosen for cosmetic reasons, whereas sensitive teeth toothpaste targets individuals experiencing dental discomfort. Although these products claim specialized benefits, research shows that overall consumer satisfaction may not significantly differ when basic oral hygiene needs are met.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\"><br \/><b>Data Collection<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">The data were collected using a survey method. Respondents rated four different types of toothpaste on a numerical scale.<br \/>Each toothpaste category received 40 responses, resulting in a total sample size of 160 observations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Variables Studied<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top: 0cm\" type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Independent Variable: Type of toothpaste<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Dependent Variable: Consumer rating score<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Statistical Tool Used<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Single-factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test whether the mean ratings of the four toothpaste groups differ significantly<\/span>.<\/p>\n<table class=\"MsoNormalTable\" style=\"width: 390.6pt;border-collapse: collapse;margin-left: 6.75pt;margin-right: 6.75pt\" border=\"0\" width=\"521\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.5pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 83.8pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"112\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">ANOVA<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.5pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 83.8pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"112\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">Source of Variation<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">SS<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">df<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">MS<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">F<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">P-value<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">F crit<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.5pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 83.8pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"112\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">Between Groups<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">29.75<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">9.916667<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">1.282593<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">0.282352<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">2.662569<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.5pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 83.8pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"112\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">Within Groups<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">1206.15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">156<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">7.731731<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.5pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 83.8pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"112\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.5pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 83.8pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"112\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">Total<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">1235.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 48.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"64\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: right;line-height: normal\" align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">159<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.7pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"70\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Significance level (\u03b1) = 0.05<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\"><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>F value &lt; F critical<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">P-value &gt; 0.05<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Hypothesis of the Study<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">For the purpose of statistical analysis using single-factor ANOVA, the following hypotheses were formulated<\/span>:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Null Hypothesis (H\u2080)<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">There is no significant difference in the mean consumer ratings of herbal toothpaste, whitening toothpaste, sensitive teeth toothpaste, and fluoride protection toothpaste<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]&gt;--><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>H<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>0<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:  107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>:<\/span><\/i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>\u03bc<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>1<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:  107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>=<\/span><\/i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>\u03bc<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>2<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:  107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>=<\/span><\/i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>\u03bc<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>3<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:  107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>=<\/span><\/i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>\u03bc<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>4<\/span><\/i><!-- [if !msEquation]--><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif\"><!-- [if gte vml 1]&gt;--><\/p>\n<p><!-- [if !vml]--><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"image\/png;base64,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\" width=\"151\" height=\"20\" \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\"><br \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">where:<br \/><\/span><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]&gt;--><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:   107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>\u03bc<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:   107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>1<\/span><\/i><!-- [if !msEquation]--><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif;position: relative;top: 3.5pt\"><!-- [if gte vml 1]&gt;--><\/p>\n<p><!-- [if !vml]--><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAeCAMAAADw+3VaAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAGBQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGa2OgAAOgA6OjoAOma2OpDbZgAAZjoAZmY6ZrbbZrb\/kDoAkNv\/tmYAtmY6ttv\/tv\/\/25A627Zm27aQ2\/\/\/\/7Zm\/9uQ\/\/+2\/\/\/b8cFy7QAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAFiUAABYlAUlSJPAAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V\/7TVxAAAAoElEQVQoU+2RWxbCIAxEifWBYtVSqtRC2f8uDYR4DD\/dgPnjkhkyQal\/bW3AwxVbou5estPBgCDASeJkSyOpfirq44JHtxslJ4O1b+19sa8qNZ+rLNliQPbvG7CMDNY+q4JZPHMymO712S\/30D3TNOA4s8l+3O\/2FziMKmgweVzmycqYzKOWMZmHJj5zJzmmeZR10DJrYYpczQK3\/inffwAQKwiN+pjctgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" width=\"15\" height=\"20\" \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">=Mean rating of herbal toothpaste<br \/><\/span><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]&gt;--><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:   107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>\u03bc<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:   107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>2<\/span><\/i><!-- [if !msEquation]--><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif;position: relative;top: 3.5pt\"><!-- [if gte vml 1]&gt;--><\/p>\n<p><!-- [if !vml]--><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAeCAMAAAAB8C7XAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAFpQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGa2OgAAOjoAOma2OpDbZgAAZmY6ZrbbZrb\/kDoAkNv\/tmYAtmY6tpBmttv\/tv\/\/25A627Zm2\/\/\/\/7Zm\/9uQ\/\/+2\/\/\/b\/PtW9gAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAAFiUAABYlAUlSJPAAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V\/7TVxAAAAqElEQVQoU+1Q3RqCIAx1kYlGiTOjEN7\/NRsbXwZ20327UGA7f2uaf\/2yAQdnGl+1ulcohJFePHTVe7Q8KrjPWvXpSXc8TFVDOILZSTiWEFy89QDtwtBomUMkEK5ve8IRDOMwsWY14ZgvmzaKmgO1xHmkscfA3MFIIDz20E6N1zAk16TJ7ulfBs5xk80icEQlZmlFRWPLj0XDi2n+8DFXtJBqt7Vqid+vLyPBCGRcZZfsAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" width=\"16\" height=\"20\" \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">= Mean rating of whitening toothpaste<br \/><\/span><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]&gt;--><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:   107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>\u03bc<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:   107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>3<\/span><\/i><!-- [if !msEquation]--><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif;position: relative;top: 3.5pt\"><!-- [if gte vml 1]&gt;--><\/p>\n<p><!-- [if !vml]--><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"image\/png;base64,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\" width=\"16\" height=\"20\" \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">= Mean rating of sensitive teeth toothpaste<br \/><\/span><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]&gt;--><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:   107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>\u03bc<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:   107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>4<\/span><\/i><!-- [if !msEquation]--><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif;position: relative;top: 3.5pt\"><!-- [if gte vml 1]&gt;--><\/p>\n<p><!-- [if !vml]--><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"image\/png;base64,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\" width=\"16\" height=\"20\" \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">= Mean rating of fluoride protection toothpaste<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><b>Alternative Hypothesis (H\u2081)<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">There is a significant difference in the mean consumer ratings of at least one type of toothpaste among herbal, whitening, sensitive teeth, and fluoride protection toothpaste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><!-- [if gte msEquation 12]&gt;--><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'><\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>H<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>1<\/span><\/i><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:  107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>:<\/span><\/i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%'>At<br \/>\n   least one <\/span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Cambria Math\",serif'>\u03bc<\/span><\/i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%'> is<br \/>\n   different<\/span><!-- [if !msEquation]--><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Aptos',sans-serif\"><!-- [if gte vml 1]&gt;--><\/p>\n<p><!-- [if !vml]--><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAR8AAAAeCAYAAAAVfBpcAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAWJQAAFiUBSVIk8AAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX\/tNXEAAA7sSURBVHhe7V2\/cyJHFn5Dbb6bk4ICWSmuutHGi0HB4YSrItEmiy6yCFbRcchilXEB2sjCiZXgKiISITtfCBaHWFUnSJVb\/wBz3+uent\/DwAArnXamysGK6e7XX79+\/d73Xo9fnJ2dUfIkCCQIJAh8aQRefOkBk\/ESBBIEEgQYgcT4JHqQIJAg8CgIJMbnUWBPBk0QSBBIjE+iAwkCCQKPgkBifB4F9mTQBIEEgcT4JDrwrBBoVCrGLJOhbrOpPYWJPTV5ngImSgaX8Wnk7g2t2HHJVx0YlB7LhWw0csaRViTXG9UBnaXHG1\/oRuWlsZ+t0QjjOmXYBHhW31uSfRMyJn2sjoDQ32yWNYYGxqUx\/oIGSO0dvT2l\/ENX7pcIeXIvfzfOayOh46S3aTo8toxmBW0PsRfFb6RT+25ItSylzppNY3VknmYLl\/FpjtPadFA1sqYBqg6mluFh8ZvNsXZpwBopA1QFYJcFADbe+Oxm1z0TeKLO+QUWpmGEnWaVl\/dG63aXSifHNO4+jRNv04B8DXNcG7PsLrYp0UjfJTZBm9fKFSVcIE8FhicLw8OGpVrdI9rdsTqXh+Mp9F8nHb\/t0S7tbPx4X3Eua75eeXU\/b\/25q\/EeLWQo1YQR9YVdGTUILPEJ3ur6VjBLu2KFcb6UbEu9pmyu5tLDOhULo+s4GUY9up4dhw4xve1Qp6PTLib2XJ+vYY7rrl2z+6DlUTSbpwf2INbtbu32i+SZ3kqfpjoYygP+YWwf4tNbcfDq7V9oVMum8mdNA4cq\/T+XA0\/\/7NDPvEff\/0BF0sRcfMZndjeRoO\/thMTNU5K4ValUwOmyjePlpi9Du2qdrnbPKTsaUe96BqVKngSB54QANiNcNNgd12Ptwec01YC5+IyPZZHDLIsyDFt0bW\/6klWqQoZM9o50jot713TlCb1y96eGTVGNEBML3xQxsYj5KW7M36jA8zo8pw6Mnnp0hJj1BWFdJffSaJ333G30KpWvLukhIBTkMS5a59TrmDE\/D6TDBa9f4SSUnAE\/68xRjVHDGNY8IFP96gThqT0G\/2bxYCb3QBdHdFhTnANEw\/yvLoM93Th4bWNfeefgDNOXxTtKLrnONayz+SbwbGONaXrkaxokT+h6Mu71W2LKg31+fkY1EYrNT0\/dnE+j8u386PCDFqSfRYQ0Tl6oUXk139851kbvBjS\/zNJvR4dUZOHBd1KnmML1KsEhLepThUnyvVfz1+hv+Lc23X06Ju2jX09++emYsBVFaIX5zg86pEmiCnt0JyXnhD3qJpwbFeNiX4Y7QRaZWymrrJcPtpJRkCEXjyQ9K6IDKusgngNCr+xuFfEy0WSCTQI8dfwD0TOe+DG\/JAnNkM\/qb4KwroZF61F7OjS8xkTE70UZvwsjVSK66\/dgWDowiB0mzA1F2osFdBD3LHO7JBpQD5u9U8zC3Z4airSMO0eeh+QN2KYBFwEMz6NDRcjkHENAZj231NrXxObidkxHTNBmhPln4RR7ubc4eLnHs\/+leBAnaSvwspIP8Q6VVfAOk43\/bq+zA1PoHq\/xLSviEk\/oejLnAy+oKhQaeiAWTuLP+qw4n8a39\/NUtoDNzLqm9N2hn3fDea3R8BPTkz79c9\/sl9uiV2U\/o\/v8ND\/19XlL\/3kdrCc70BMYpnkDbWYf7+ldyB51ez6za+oJifZoB+SPN6JqWMaJo7KAFyLAl+2zxDybV8GsplbIVRKeC8tQKetGDdal1rpBZs0epPuQ1tL4N7auURzpVD5RXka8mN\/mmrxKniZjWhbZt9qhm\/x2tZnC24KXI0LRdJ6Ggz2RPfQS5rMLeFWsW2Zm5EE2oCHIfJFNrLWobmZr4sxRycSEJYylw\/PiedSNoyyPcUjlAEMKK0MdnMKDqU3eXxpTc93c3FscvBapiPK6fbplciBwhWN5s6vgHSafNIDygHFhmj6Dx3JvJWmi7E\/oejLn04UWQKEru7rBXo1efo91ysI7kZyP0YDHU+zA8EA\/55dUhHeRF9kvXtd\/CA+n9vaC7obH8yw2PnseljxiXdEOOsreEbdjfqzBfabYmMk+C6bHovpkL6f29qMwJtwnzT7KLk09uYaecH88FvRkfvF6R6sNezSY\/SAikbO\/0ilzj84PRrpWfv8T\/10YR7fxUYuMrVHUROjjSuudniqHMNwzigJ\/0e\/KOPE7HHIpQilzUJahV6dPuS2mUG0lRVjiSdMyeVivwsjB+3GR37M7+BNCYH+mrVDCkvJpc0vTJYDhbGKpqhsTPjlmSzQIe8XBmXm9tGZ3rJ20odzA02vMRXeelC\/\/qdnsark96AI2xC0moux\/LLxCZLYPNj+XaHnbYe54TKhWwdvKvoKH9GLa5SwxMJXZq+09s48f6GfsSL39noophFcwSmq0Zvev1L\/f0bzQ6Wl8cCAt7yGoYVw+SYPlDMui+vwX+jzgPk1jYg0IPeGwS4VXpp6kct8Yc2040lhPRMpxweMyPoprCfNKrDogvUwHcHxgqDf7WJ6XRwEzKvTqUP\/m0lL+zQ6OkEIw6Tr8vinlcjlfPcXdvXRWnRvQzmgsz7xbxpQ1pNo26icHFgczTue1PHY3FDz29JycWVBGwBp\/ckeVy\/ASBqcAWTPFOYFVVMYnDl6hk1JrH8AlqnHKULqHGEq3CbyjuNDMDsdHWzY+f45wArB+zqg+mM3BCLrg\/K\/SzxlUl+M0Z3oMuGbwJ1Zqp2bNIvpkncepI3Q+ypiwMNlv5B6ZTHF6aj4L6JLXMj72yYPwJWSRozNhi\/cLn6CUP6MzTlsFaJF9urjda26nQq9O3x16xd6hoQ1HcHU9hZQRgzB2s5trYsJ5AuAVT205ip72bLCGqKfa5yIywSXV+A3oFfif+gmyH24yeONzzOwIbmy0pEe2ePzV8QrsT3ndniyrzQEGUwHLYPPoeC8j5NLvbAhv13jb6DN6Qg7PR6XQwxc5yvrLqswJcwmBGZ5F4jj5JJAk9DsbXMfzu9rRWw69fDF9kNBj++wQmwM8liII2+U6sklZ85CYUov5lYA+uKCTY+4hZ72uQTb3mDQHecnpO71tOKtdo5fxMd\/w8koBsjjwCpNUHWzOcFu8q8LaNbOrzwrvqGrn8Qda7RuBS1RQ\/4E+\/8B6VF5tTNls4xORQrdPID\/fo9KPIkkElqO+OhcNJVNkN\/dhew\/+mW439PKGVc7xhYcDb7LrSFML3sNBoD+AOByjMpODMMYsaqWYg2EWJQ+PcHgFQ8bGalSj1s3x1sLLTW1oOTd3GBqFVxAeTq\/bS+sob3hT2dVHwTtKCVb6HXgHhVVC3ypz6KeWyWTcZHNk\/9voM3JQO9UemUJXJ5AnEyZSuv0canAMOrnYJySEYj03LXmPi+sPwu6KqVRs1HWLWAKgUaGEnCDSymGh3c1RFiGSuGtmpc5X5SPsjJ\/fY3CSwU5uZdX5RM0D5JbEOrSQdLkRo8YJwiu452Cv286mxcuu8libwltxXmG68SUKA7\/7vkqa0M\/fMLMi\/nPXPP8G\/SwI\/ZzPO6dItzsI6bAVjeqT1xB1OvTuGn0i29VQ2a7lVGThW8LzWSaFHsrHcPiQlqXhlZfuUMk7cliq3elVtU8KCNmCydvMcZ2qzMcEXrcIP4FDEfASrio71SnSfWBtjrCOAZXd\/rFF4d2+P+RyZo6CqrZD081iEkvO0ZrHOb30pNOFXGYd0yKsl9Kt2Hh5eg8JrW6OzgE3CEwof9xE13p423LaGVc\/pkw3yDqvLT\/ffU\/vkIXuQD\/ZwJwWkbI2DYxMmePeAuvnd6i\/8TLL4dbH3WdBpsGlXcihTw1p+Hf0d+TgUUq55uMmroXxmd20zPoe1Dc5shlqJBcfs0KGZGlJrZBvcRZNpkbJ6CDOcW5c6wQu7vMlPQC3Sych1bhCJit7VqPD\/VvaK5eMk+MCUspN7RJE8IRrc5CTRBGXIYsWJ7SPu2YiF9Z2p+GdY+MSoPU+FypywWGVHNWwJiCFywFVoUCo4eBCMqNcLtEO3VG\/16NTOQju1SG8c9jgVeYoLgCb8+BaCxQLGqrIUBZQ8hBXK\/Ny3vV0jrMsXkE6YR1sTIAjrGV9u0Elbr80pFIfG0mUxIFuYE6xXyIcditds4yDt2+uSBJcmel0gampG1zgyhXIXBzIBZzbfJrNzyms63xS6GgoTmYZ5vf3Xv30p+EXyRTYp0\/n39OBmdpHhXOsKQr9\/Rn76uA179H5PfboC+9nNHCRjVBFZVXYOr0VMSr4iOy+v9I1lkRmIyvFv0TVtNqEzusW4jZ+u2rwdQA2TML6LzDTfBo2rgbG7SF7UXyFAMYKxocf7ms4HYirDzWu7DVl5GrfoEyU\/BJAW5bcq6sS\/O7girjLi\/2aDxqxaadTo9Q6pHOugoYM0iJAidsDIYv3Bv\/Kc\/TOw5wIzyPoekXc9VsVr6BxhLeHuetcX4ZqYZH1u8KFSxRsYr0NXVSKa9RDSH4V4ysKcfAOkrP7kMda7xmH55yllLrBeHLhXgHXK7Zse6R+fk6nhtOb+UXrgxakn7ViZqlwyzm\/yD4L6PNhvU95QE9Sd+3q\/O0xDKe5R1+w8vj+9zmONLgrPW5JHK+COCzVPk6fQQZ0vkQRhy2vWwauHJU3muWDIsGF+4n5lbRK+3tuQQtSEhXKZ6ImwH6QAg\/sszt+cPQlX+F3xZdGzDG88jSZtMYYeYzhGsV5u9kzWpw5Bs0D97r8BjHiRjhvPIFHwBqtipdzcMur3qsLjyZvgqHqnFSWSv7ZcfM7YCUW3SKPg3egAWKaAWuq5BRSoSZrjPSA2EfOvbMAU6XzQfVcNta\/svoErNXnVJh+erNcXHyY\/1He9P91wZ5odhf06fDAub836O8N9\/fBv8e6f+VTPwo98cveRbXzGwj4xpxR8iXDhSYq+XHrCJhZTr0ccL1764MnAzwmAonxeUz0k7G5rFyGLwkWXx0CGzM+TlK6f2OX4H91iCYTXgkBxfet1Ch5+VkgsLbxUZ8r0Ky7BCjVxmch8BihN9efBXTJJDaJQJyvJGxy\/KSvL4\/A2saHMwlpkEiBn3hcgkD+8lNORnxKCFjJhiWuYDwluRNZ1kdgbeOzvghJDwkCCQJfIwL\/AxnxBAXn6sPVAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" width=\"191\" height=\"20\" \/><!--[endif]--><\/span><!--[endif]--><br \/><!-- [if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br \/><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Decision Rule<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top: 0cm\" type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Level of significance (\u03b1) = <b>0.05<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">If <b>P-value \u2264 0.05<\/b>, reject the null hypothesis<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">If <b>P-value &gt; 0.05<\/b>, fail to reject the null hypothesis<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Hypothesis Testing Result<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Since the calculated P-value (0.28) &gt; 0.05, the null hypothesis is accepted<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\">Conclusion of Hypothesis Test<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">The study concludes that there is no statistically significant difference in consumer ratings among the four types of toothpaste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 107%\"><br \/><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">The study concludes that there is no significant difference in consumer preferences among herbal, whitening, sensitive teeth, and fluoride protection toothpaste. While certain toothpaste types may appear more popular based on mean scores<\/span>, statistical analysis <span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">confirms that these differences are not meaningful. This implies that consumers perceive all four toothpaste types as generally effective<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 18.0pt;text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\"><span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>References<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-indent: -18.0pt\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\"><span>1.<span style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman'\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%\">The present study is based on primary data collected through a self-designed questionnaire<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height: normal\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt\"><span>2.<span style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman'\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt\">American Dental Association. (2020). <i>Oral health and toothpaste usage<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height: normal\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt\"><span>3.<span style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman'\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt\">World Health Organization. (2019). <i>Oral health<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"margin-left: 63.5pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Calibri Light',sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Survey on Consumer Preference for Different Types of Toothpaste AUTHOR NILAKSHI ZADE- 021331025629 Batch- Operations \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction: Toothpaste is a basic yet essential oral care product used daily by individuals of all age groups. With the increasing variety of toothpaste available in the market, consumers are presented with multiple options that claim benefits such&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=23656\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">A Survey on Consumer Preference for Different Types of Toothpaste Using ANOVA<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139924,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/139924"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23656"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23657,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23656\/revisions\/23657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}