{"id":23624,"date":"2026-01-04T14:37:51","date_gmt":"2026-01-04T09:07:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=23624"},"modified":"2026-01-04T14:37:51","modified_gmt":"2026-01-04T09:07:51","slug":"a-study-of-availability-and-adequacy-of-ample-space-in-college-for-students","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=23624","title":{"rendered":"A Study of Availability and Adequacy of Ample Space in College for Students"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;line-height: 115%\">Title<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\">: <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 115%\">A Study of Availability and Adequacy of Ample Space in College for Students<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;line-height: 115%\">Author:<\/span><\/b> <span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 115%\">Sahil Phonde, Jashmin Mohanty, Piyush Bhimalwar<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.0pt;line-height: 115%\">:<\/span><\/b> <span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif\">Physical infrastructure plays a vital role in creating a conducive learning environment in higher educational institutions. Adequate space in colleges\u2014including classrooms, libraries, laboratories, corridors, common rooms, study areas, and recreational zones\u2014significantly impacts students\u2019 comfort, academic engagement, and overall well-being. Ample and well-planned space facilitates effective teaching-learning processes, promotes collaboration, and reduces congestion-related stress among students.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">With increasing student enrolment in colleges, space constraints have become a growing concern. Overcrowded classrooms, limited study areas, insufficient seating arrangements, and lack of common spaces may negatively affect students\u2019 academic performance and satisfaction with the institution. Therefore, it is important to assess students\u2019 perceptions regarding the availability, adequacy, and usefulness of physical space within the college campus. Understanding these perceptions can help institutions plan infrastructure development and improve the overall student experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">Objective<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">: <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">To analyze students\u2019 perception regarding the availability and adequacy of ample space in the college campus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;line-height: 115%\">Literature Review:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;color: black\">1) Importance of Physical Space in Higher Education Institutions<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif\">Kuh et al. (2010) emphasized that campus infrastructure and spatial design significantly influence student engagement and learning outcomes. The study highlighted that adequate classroom space, study areas, and informal learning spaces contribute positively to students\u2019 academic involvement and satisfaction. The authors concluded that well-designed physical environments support collaborative learning and enhance students\u2019 sense of belonging within the institution.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;color: black\">2) Impact of Campus Space on Student Satisfaction<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif\">A study by Temple and Fillippakou (2007) examined students\u2019 perceptions of campus facilities and found that availability of sufficient space directly affects students\u2019 comfort and learning efficiency. Overcrowding and poor space utilization were identified as major factors leading to dissatisfaction among students. The study suggested that colleges should regularly assess space adequacy and involve students\u2019 feedback in infrastructure planning to ensure a supportive learning environment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;line-height: 115%\">Data Collection<\/span><\/b><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt;line-height: 115%\">: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif\">To analyse students\u2019 perception regarding the availability of ample space in college, five statements were framed using a <b>5-point Likert scale<\/b>. A Google Form was designed with a linear scale ranging from 1 to 5. The responses were coded as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">5 = Strongly Agree<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">4 = Agree<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">3 = Neutral<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">2 = Disagree<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">1 = Strongly Disagree<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">A total of <b>100 students from ITM College<\/b> were surveyed. The collected data was downloaded in Excel format. For each question, <b>mean, standard deviation, standard error, and t-statistics<\/b> were calculated to analyse students\u2019 responses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><!-- [if gte vml 1]&gt;--><\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style='font-size:13.0pt;line-height:    115%'>As all the t-stats values are less than -1.96 so people disagree with<br \/>\n    all the statements.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- [if !vml]--><span style=\"position: absolute;z-index: 251659264;margin-left: -11px;margin-top: 713px;width: 875px;height: 82px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/Users\/Admin\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/msohtmlclip1\/01\/clip_image001.png\" alt=\"Text Box: As all the t-stats values are less than -1.96 so people disagree with all the statements.\" width=\"875\" height=\"82\" \/><\/span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;line-height: 115%\">Data Analysis: <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<table class=\"MsoNormalTable\" style=\"width: 499.5pt;margin-left: -.25pt;border-collapse: collapse\" border=\"0\" width=\"833\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24.25pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;border: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;border: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;border: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;border: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;border: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;border: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24.25pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">Q1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">Q2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">Q3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">Q4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">Q5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24.25pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">Mean<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">3.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">4.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">3.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24.25pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">Standard Deviation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">1.24<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">1.39 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">1.45<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">1.30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">1.36<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24.25pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">Standard Error<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">0.1389<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">0.145<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">0.130<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">0.136<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24.25pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">T Stat<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">-17.10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">-18.70<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">-20.13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">-18.64<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24.25pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;border: none;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.0pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.0pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;background: #F8F9FA;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.0pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;background: white;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 10.0pt;font-family: Roboto;color: #434343\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14.0pt\">\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"158\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: center;line-height: normal\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 63.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"105\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"90\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 72.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"120\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"135\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 135.0pt;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height: 14.0pt\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"225\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: 'Aptos Narrow',sans-serif;color: black\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;line-height: 115%\">Conclusion: <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">The findings of the study indicate that students have a <b>moderate to low level of satisfaction<\/b> regarding the availability of ample space in the college campus. The results suggest that:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">Students feel that the college does not provide sufficient space for academic activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">Classroom and study areas are perceived as inadequate to comfortably accommodate students.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">Common areas and recreational spaces are not sufficiently available or well-utilized.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">Space constraints may negatively affect students\u2019 learning experience and comfort.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">Overall satisfaction with the availability and adequacy of physical space in the college is low.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt\">The study highlights the need for colleges to improve infrastructure planning, optimize space utilization, and consider student feedback to create a more conducive and student-friendly campus environment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 13.0pt;line-height: 115%\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;line-height: 115%\">Reference:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt;line-height: 115%\">Natarajan, K., &amp; Suresh, B. (2014). Use and user satisfaction of library resources and services in higher education institutions. <i>International Journal of Library and Information Science<\/i>, 6(3), 45\u201352.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Title: A Study of Availability and Adequacy of Ample Space in College for Students Author: Sahil Phonde, Jashmin Mohanty, Piyush Bhimalwar Introduction: Physical infrastructure plays a vital role in creating a conducive learning environment in higher educational institutions. Adequate space in colleges\u2014including classrooms, libraries, laboratories, corridors, common rooms, study areas, and recreational zones\u2014significantly impacts students\u2019&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/?p=23624\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">A Study of Availability and Adequacy of Ample Space in College for Students<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":139921,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/139921"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23624"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23625,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23624\/revisions\/23625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sachdevajk.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}