Population
\nSiddhi kerkar
\nLiterature Review<\/p>\n
1. Romania Aging population
\nAging was more visible starting with 2000, year in which the elder population has exceeded young population; it is a growing phenomenon, as, according to statistics, the share of the elder population (aged over 65) has exceeded the share of young population (between 0 and 14 years). (Guramulta, 2019)<\/p>\n
2. Financial security and aging of cross country
\nOlder age groups living in countries with larger aging populations are more likely to save, regardless of OECD status.
\nAlso, those who are female, have less education, and lower incomes are particularly vulnerable, especially those living in developing countries.
\nFinancial inclusion and technological usage also have a significant and positive impact on financial security.
\nThe findings from this study have important policy implications given the pressures that some countries\u2019 social support and public transfer systems will face in the coming years. (Lyons et al, 2018)
\n3.Population and Labour Force Projections
\nPopulation and labour force projections are made for 27 selected European countries for 2002-052, focussing on the impact of international migration on population and labour force dynamics. …
\nIn addition to age structures, various support ratio indicators are analysed.
\nThe results indicate that plausible immigration cannot offset the negative effects of population and labour force ageing. (Bijak et al, 2007)
\n4.Distribution of Income and Growth of Population
\nThere is the international or global distribution, essentially the problem of the \u2018gap\u2019 between the rich and poor countries; there is the question of income distribution within developing given countries which, in turn, has many different aspects: regional distribution, urban\/rural distribution, income distribution within the rural or urban sector, distribution between economic sectors such as agriculture, industry, mining, etc.; distribution between the modern or \u2018formal\u2019 sector and the non-modern or \u2018informal\u2019 sector of the economy, etc.
\nThis paper concentrates on income distribution between rich and poor groups within developing countries. (Singer, 1975)
\n5.Population of Poland
\nForecasting the population of Poland is very challenging.
\nFirstly, the country has been undergoing rapid demographic changes. … The political, economic, and social changes that accompanied the transformation had a profound influence on the demographic patterns in this country.
\nThe forecast results show that the Polish population will constantly decline during the next decades. ( Matysiak & Nowok, 2006)
\n6. Prospects of Bulgaria Population
\nAlthough, in a European context, Bulgaria is not alone in the group of countries, whose population is projected to be decreasing and ageing, under the conditions of free of movement of persons in EU a variety of demographic indices depends more and yet more on the country\u2019s economic growth level and rate.
\nThe analysis of projection data on the number and demographic characteristics of the population is a condition for developing realistic and well-balanced strategies for Bulgaria\u2019s development as well as for implementing the needed policies to achieve the targets set. (Borissova-Marinova & Moraliyska-Nikolova, 2019)
\n7. Evidence from Middle East and North African Countries About Human Capital Tilt the Population-Economic Growth Dynamics.
\nThe novel methodology of feasible generalized least squares and panel-corrected standard errors technique addressed our three objectives and we find that:
\n(i) population growth and human capital indicators individually influence economic growth positively;
\n(ii) the interaction effect is mixed; and
\n(ii) the net effect of population growth on economic growth when human capital is accounted for is mostly positive. (Adeleye et al, 2022)
\n8. Population Growth and Economic Development of Philippines
\nVarious concerns have been expressed about the ability of the world economy to sustain the ever-expanding world population.
\nThe existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic performance and population growth in the Philippines.
\nThat is, economic development in the Philippines has had a positive impact on population growth in the country (Fumitaka, 2012)
\n9. Problems of Developing Countries
\nThe relationship between geographical area, population size, and the level of economic efficiency and the rate of development is one of the leading topics of current economic discussion.
\nThe issue has gained considerable political and practical importance because of the various efforts being made among both the developed and the under-developed countries to work out new patterns of market alignment.( Vakil & Brahmananda, 1960)<\/p>\n
10. contraction and convergence target based on population life expectancies
\nAcross 180 countries and half a century of data, the levels of carbon emissions per capita that maximise life expectancy fall within a tight band averaging only 6.6 tonnes\u2014considerably less than wealthier countries emit per person.
\n. This is the first time these curves have been contextualised against established climate science, with timely implications for international negotiations on sustainability and development. (Read et al, 2013)
\n11.Conclusion
\nAccording to the findings through the literature review I got to known that Population is one of the leading topics of current economic discussion Aging of Elder generation is exceeding the young generation and the financial security of the cross countries is going to face in the coming years due to social and public transfer systems of some countries.
\nDue to large number of elder population there is a migration of labour force that is made for 27 selected European countries. There are countries who is going to face declines of population in next decades such as countries like Poland, Bulgaria etc. where as population of Philippines has a positive impact on population growth and economic development.<\/p>\n
Reference
\nAnna Matysiak & Beata Nowok, 2006. “Stochastic forecast of the population of Poland, 2005 \u2013 2050,” MPIDR Working Papers WP-2006-026, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.<\/p>\n
Bosede Ngozi Adeleye & Ismail Bengana & Abdelaziz Boukhelkhal & Mohammad Musa Shafiq & Hauwah K. K. Abdulkareem, 2022. “Does Human Capital Tilt the Population-Economic Growth Dynamics? Evidence from Middle East and North African Countries,” Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(2), pages 863-883, July.<\/p>\n
C. N. Vakil & P. R. Brahmananda, 1960. “The Problems of Developing Countries,” International Economic Association Series, in: E. A. G. Robinson (ed.), Economic Consequences of the Size of Nations, chapter 0, pages 133-150, Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n
Florian Guramulta, 2019. “A Regional Effects Of Population Aging,” Manager Journal, Faculty of Business and Administration, University of Bucharest, vol. 30(1), pages 205-212, December.<\/p>\n
Furuoka, Fumitaka, 2012. “Population Growth and Economic Development: Empirical Evidence from the Philippines,” Philippine Journal of Development PJD 2010 Vol. 37 No. 1d, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.<\/p>\n
H. W. Singer, 1975. “Income Distribution and Population Growth,” Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: The Strategy of International Development, chapter 11, pages 173-188, Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n
Jakub Bijak & Dorota Kupiszewska & Marek Kupiszewski & Katarzyna Saczuk & Anna Kicinger, 2007. “Population and labour force projections for 27 European countries, 2002-052: impact of international migration on population ageing,” European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 23(1), pages 1-31, March.<\/p>\n
Kremena Borissova-Marinova & Stanislava Moraliyska-Nikolova, 2019. “Prospects for Change of Bulgaria\u2019s Population to 2040,” Nauchni trudove, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 2, pages 151-183, July.<\/p>\n
Lyons, Angela C. & Grable, John E. & Joo, So-Hyun, 2018. “A cross-country analysis of population aging and financial security,” The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 12(C), pages 96-117.<\/p>\n
Paul Read & Janet Stanley & Dianne Vella-Brodrick & Dave Griggs, 2013. “Towards a contraction and convergence target based on population life expectancies since 1960,” Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 15(5), pages 1173-1187, October.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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